Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil.
Rev Paul Pediatr. 2022 Jul 15;41:e2021164. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021164. eCollection 2022.
To identify and synthesize scientific evidence that the use of face protection masks by children, in the community and at home, is a way of preventing communicable diseases.
A scoping review was made using the Joana Briggs Institute method and PRISMA-ScR. A research was carried out in five electronic databases, at the Cochrane Library and on seven websites of governmental and non-governmental institutions. The data were organized in a spreadsheet and submitted to narrative analysis.
Initially, 658 productions were identified, of which 19 made up the final sample. Studies with higher levels of evidence are scarce. The types of masks identified were professional (surgical and facial respirators with filtration) and non-professional (homemade). The transmissible agents studied were influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, and the evaluated environments were schools, homes and community spaces. The main discomforts reported were heat, shortness of breath, headache and maladjustment to the face. The indication and acceptability of masks change according to the age group and clinical conditions. There is no consensus on the reduction in the transmissibility of infections.
Children older than five can benefit from the correct use of masks, as long as they are supervised, taught and educated to do so and the masks should be well adjusted to the face. The use of masks show better results when associated with other measures such as physical distancing, keeping places ventilated and frequent hand hygiene.
识别和综合科学证据，证明儿童在社区和家中使用面部保护罩是预防传染病的一种方法。
使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joana Briggs Institute）方法和 PRISMA-ScR 进行了范围综述。在 Cochrane 图书馆和七个政府和非政府机构的网站上，在五个电子数据库中进行了研究。将数据整理到电子表格中，并进行了叙述性分析。
最初，确定了 658 个产品，其中 19 个产品构成了最终样本。具有较高证据水平的研究很少。确定的口罩类型包括专业口罩（具有过滤功能的外科口罩和面部呼吸器）和非专业口罩（自制口罩）。研究的传染性制剂是流感病毒和 SARS-CoV-2 病毒，评估的环境是学校、家庭和社区空间。报告的主要不适是热、呼吸急促、头痛和面部不适。口罩的使用指征和可接受性根据年龄组和临床情况而变化。对于口罩降低感染传播性的作用尚无共识。
五岁以上的儿童可以从正确使用口罩中受益，只要有人监督、教导和教育他们正确使用口罩，并确保口罩与面部贴合良好。口罩与保持社交距离、通风场所和经常洗手等其他措施结合使用时，效果更好。
