Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Cancer Med. 2023 Jan;12(2):983-994. doi: 10.1002/cam4.5005. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Vesicles, also known as "microparticles", are vesicle-like structures that are released outside the cell in a "sprouting" manner when the cytoskeleton is changed during cell activation or apoptosis, with a diameter of about 100-1000 nm, and are carriers of material information exchange between cells. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles can effectively deliver drugs to the nucleus of tumor stem cells, thus effectively killing them without toxic side effects. The underlying mechanism involves the soft nature of tumor stem cells that allows better uptake of vesicles, and the entry of drug-carrying vesicles into lysosomes and facilitation of lysosomal movement toward the nucleus to deliver drugs to the nucleus. Drug-loaded vesicles have unique advantages, such as low immunogenicity, homing targeting ability, and the ability to break through the physiological barrier to tumor therapy. Tumor-derived drug-delivery vesicles have entered clinical trials for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. In this review, we summarized the progress of basic and clinical research on tumor cell-derived drug-loaded vesicles for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in recent years.
囊泡，也被称为“微泡”，是当细胞激活或凋亡时细胞骨架发生变化时以“发芽”方式从细胞中释放出来的囊泡样结构，直径约为 100-1000nm，是细胞间物质信息交换的载体。肿瘤来源的细胞外囊泡可以有效地将药物递送到肿瘤干细胞的核内，从而有效地杀死它们而没有毒副作用。其潜在机制涉及肿瘤干细胞的柔软特性，使囊泡更好地被吸收，以及载药囊泡进入溶酶体并促进溶酶体向核内运动，将药物递送到核内。载药囊泡具有独特的优势，如低免疫原性、归巢靶向能力和突破肿瘤治疗生理屏障的能力。肿瘤来源的载药囊泡已进入恶性胸腔积液治疗的临床试验。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近年来肿瘤细胞来源的载药囊泡治疗恶性胸腔积液的基础和临床研究进展。
