Kiese-Himmel Christiane
Phoniatrisch/Pädaudiologische Psychologie, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 35, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2022 Sep;65(9):909-916. doi: 10.1007/s00103-022-03571-6. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Language development disorders (in German: Sprachentwicklungsstörungen, SES) are the most common developmental disorders in childhood. In contrast to "secondary SES," "primary SES" (prevalence about 7%) are not (co-)caused by other developmental disorders or diseases. In the German modification of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10-GM-22), primary SES are referred to as "circumscribed developmental disorders of speech and language" (in German: USES; international previously known as Specific Language Impairment SLI), with an intelligence quotient (IQ) < 85 as an exclusion criterion, among other criteria. In ICD-11, primary SES are listed as "developmental language disorders" (DLD).German-speaking speech and language therapists would now like to replace the term "USES" with "DLD" using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the international CATALISE consortium (Criteria and Terminology Applied to Language Impairments Synthesizing the Evidence), in an effort to redefine the disorder. However, according to this conceptualization, only children with an intellectual disability (IQ < 70) would be excluded from the diagnosis. This change in the diagnostic criteria would most likely result in an increase in prevalence of DLDs. This makes the issue of early detection more important than ever. This discussion paper explains that the public health relevance of primary SES is growing and that systematic early detection examinations will play an even more important role. With early diagnosis and treatment, risks in the areas of mental health, behaviour and skill development can be mitigated.Currently, diagnosis (and therapy) are usually carried out relatively late. The way out could lie in the application of neurobiological parameters. However, this requires further studies that examine child cohorts for early indicators in a prospective longitudinal design. The formation of an early detection index from several indicators should also be considered.
语言发育障碍（德语：Sprachentwicklungsstörungen，简称SES）是儿童期最常见的发育障碍。与“继发性SES”不同，“原发性SES”（患病率约7%）并非由其他发育障碍或疾病（共同）引起。在德国修订的《国际疾病及相关健康问题统计分类》（ICD - 10 - GM - 22）中，原发性SES被称为“特定言语和语言发育障碍”（德语：USES；国际上之前称为特定语言障碍SLI），除其他标准外，以智商（IQ）< 85作为排除标准。在ICD - 11中，原发性SES被列为“发育性语言障碍”（DLD）。说德语的言语和语言治疗师现在希望根据国际CATALISE联盟提出的诊断标准（应用于语言障碍的标准和术语综合证据），用“DLD”取代“USES”一词，以重新定义该障碍。然而，根据这一概念，只有智力残疾儿童（IQ < 70）会被排除在诊断之外。诊断标准的这一变化很可能导致DLD患病率上升。这使得早期发现问题比以往任何时候都更加重要。本讨论文件解释说，原发性SES的公共卫生相关性正在增加，系统的早期发现检查将发挥更重要的作用。通过早期诊断和治疗，可以减轻心理健康、行为和技能发展方面的风险。目前，诊断（和治疗）通常开展得相对较晚。解决办法可能在于应用神经生物学参数。然而，这需要进一步的研究，以前瞻性纵向设计检查儿童队列中的早期指标。还应考虑从多个指标形成早期发现指数。
