Schwellnus Martin, Adami Paolo Emilio, Bougault Valerie, Budgett Richard, Clemm Hege Havstad, Derman Wayne, Erdener Uğur, Fitch Ken, Hull James H, McIntosh Cameron, Meyer Tim, Pedersen Lars, Pyne David B, Reier-Nilsen Tonje, Schobersberger Wolfgang, Schumacher Yorck Olaf, Sewry Nicola, Soligard Torbjørn, Valtonen Maarit, Webborn Nick, Engebretsen Lars
Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
International Olympic Committee Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.
Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jul 21. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105759.
Acute illnesses affecting the respiratory tract are common and form a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. Acute respiratory illness (ARill) can broadly be classified as non-infective ARill and acute respiratory infections (ARinf). The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to ARinf in athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Commission appointed an international consensus group to review ARill (non-infective ARill and ARinf) in athletes. Six subgroups of the IOC Consensus group were initially established to review the following key areas of ARill in athletes: (1) epidemiology/risk factors for ARill, (2) ARinf, (3) non-infective ARill including ARill due to environmental exposure, (4) acute asthma and related conditions, (5) effects of ARill on exercise/sports performance, medical complications/return-to-sport and (6) acute nasal/vocal cord dysfunction presenting as ARill. Several systematic and narrative reviews were conducted by IOC consensus subgroups, and these then formed the basis of sections in the consensus documents. Drafting and internal review of sections were allocated to 'core' members of the consensus group, and an advanced draft of the consensus document was discussed during a meeting of the main consensus core group in Lausanne, Switzerland on 11 to 12 October 2021. Final edits were completed after the meeting. This consensus document (part 1) focusses on ARinf, which accounts for the majority of ARill in athletes. The first section of this consensus proposes a set of definitions and classifications of ARinf in athletes to standardise future data collection and reporting. The remainder of the consensus paper examines a wide range of clinical considerations related to ARinf in athletes: epidemiology, risk factors, pathology/pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, management, prevention, medical considerations, risks of infection during exercise, effects of infection on exercise/sports performance and return-to-sport guidelines.
影响呼吸道的急性疾病很常见，并且是运动与运动医学（SEM）临床医生工作的重要组成部分。急性呼吸道疾病（ARill）大致可分为非感染性ARill和急性呼吸道感染（ARinf）。本共识的目的是为SEM临床医生提供有关运动员急性呼吸道感染（ARinf）的概述和实用临床方法。国际奥委会（IOC）医学与科学委员会任命了一个国际共识小组，以审查运动员中的ARill（非感染性ARill和ARinf）。IOC共识小组最初设立了六个亚组，以审查运动员ARill的以下关键领域：（1）ARill的流行病学/风险因素，（2）ARinf，（3）非感染性ARill，包括因环境暴露引起的ARill，（4）急性哮喘及相关病症，（5）ARill对运动/体育表现、医学并发症/恢复运动的影响，以及（6）表现为ARill的急性鼻/声带功能障碍。IOC共识亚组进行了多项系统综述和叙述性综述，这些综述随后构成了共识文件各章节的基础。各章节的起草和内部审查分配给了共识小组的“核心”成员，共识文件的预稿在2021年10月11日至12日于瑞士洛桑举行的主要共识核心小组会议上进行了讨论。会议结束后完成了最终编辑。本共识文件（第1部分）重点关注ARinf，它占运动员ARill的大部分。本共识的第一部分提出了一套运动员ARinf的定义和分类，以规范未来的数据收集和报告。共识文件的其余部分探讨了与运动员ARinf相关的广泛临床考量：流行病学、风险因素、病理学/病理生理学、临床表现与诊断、管理、预防、医学考量、运动期间的感染风险、感染对运动/体育表现的影响以及恢复运动指南。
