Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
J Sport Health Sci. 2024 May;13(3):280-287. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.005. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with prolonged time to return to full performance (RTFP) in athletes with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Prospective cohort study with cross sectional analysis. A total of 84 athletes with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed at a coronavirus disease 2019 recovery clinic gave a history of age, sex, type/level of sport, co-morbidities, pre-infection training hours, and 26 acute SARS-CoV-2 symptoms from 3 categories ("nose and throat", "chest and neck", and "whole body"/systemic). Data on days to RTFP were obtained by structured interviews. Factors associated with RTFP were demographics, sport participation, history of co-morbidities, pre-infection training history, and acute symptoms (type, number). Outcomes were: (a) days to RTFP (median, interquartile range (IQR)) in asymptomatic (n = 7) and symptomatic athletes (n = 77), and (b) hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence interval) for symptomatic athletes with vs. without a factor (univariate, multiple models). HR < 1 was predictive of higher percentage chance of prolonged RTFP. Significance was p < 0.05.
Days to RTFP were 30 days (IQR: 23-40) for asymptomatic and 64 days (IQR: 42-91) for symptomatic participants (p > 0.05). Factors associated with prolonged RTFP (univariate models) were: females (HR = 0.57; p = 0.014), endurance athletes (HR = 0.41; p < 0.0001), co-morbidity number (HR = 0.75; p = 0.001), and respiratory disease history (HR = 0.54; p = 0.026). In symptomatic athletes, prolonged RTFP (multiple models) was significantly associated with increased "chest and neck" (HR = 0.85; p = 0.017) and "nose and throat" (HR = 0.84; p = 0.013) symptoms, but the association was more profound between prolonged RFTP and increased total number of "all symptoms" (HR = 0.91; p = 0.001) and "whole body"/systemic (HR = 0.82; p = 0.007) symptoms.
A larger number of total symptoms and specifically "whole body"/systemic symptoms during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged RTFP.
本研究旨在确定与近期严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染后运动员恢复至完全运动表现时间延长（RTFP）相关的因素。
这是一项前瞻性队列研究，采用横断面分析。共有 84 名在新冠病毒疾病 2019 康复诊所确诊 SARS-CoV-2 感染的运动员接受了病史评估，包括年龄、性别、运动类型/水平、合并症、感染前训练时间以及 3 类（“鼻喉”、“胸部和颈部”和“全身/系统”）中 26 种急性 SARS-CoV-2 症状。通过结构化访谈获得 RTFP 天数的数据。与 RTFP 相关的因素包括人口统计学特征、运动参与、合并症病史、感染前训练史和急性症状（类型、数量）。结果为：（a）无症状（n=7）和有症状（n=77）运动员的 RTFP 天数（中位数，四分位距（IQR）），以及（b）有症状运动员与无该因素运动员的风险比（HR；95%置信区间）（单变量、多模型）。HR < 1 提示 RTFP 延长的可能性更高。显著性为 p < 0.05。
无症状参与者的 RTFP 天数为 30 天（IQR：23-40），有症状参与者的 RTFP 天数为 64 天（IQR：42-91）（p > 0.05）。与 RTFP 延长相关的因素（单变量模型）包括：女性（HR=0.57；p=0.014）、耐力运动员（HR=0.41；p<0.0001）、合并症数量（HR=0.75；p=0.001）和呼吸道疾病史（HR=0.54；p=0.026）。在有症状的运动员中，RTFP 延长（多模型）与“胸部和颈部”（HR=0.85；p=0.017）和“鼻喉”（HR=0.84；p=0.013）症状的增加显著相关，但与“所有症状”（HR=0.91；p=0.001）和“全身/系统”（HR=0.82；p=0.007）症状增加之间的关联更为显著。
在 SARS-CoV-2 感染的急性期，运动员出现更多的总症状，特别是“全身/系统”症状与 RTFP 延长有关。
