Boileau M, Swartz D, Schmidt K, Schmidt W
J Surg Oncol. 1987 Jun;35(2):120-3. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930350212.
Routine cytopathology of exfoliated urothelial cells will identify only 70% of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) because most well-differentiated bladder tumors are not detected. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was identified on urothelial cancer cells from 66% of patients with grade I TCC, 65% with grade II TCC, 65% with grade III TCC, and 80% of patients with CIS. Immunoperoxidase labelling of CEA can enhance the sensitivity of exfoliative cytology.
脱落尿路上皮细胞的常规细胞病理学检查仅能识别70%的移行细胞癌（TCC）患者，因为大多数高分化膀胱肿瘤无法被检测到。66%的I级TCC患者、65%的II级TCC患者、65%的III级TCC患者以及80%的原位癌（CIS）患者的尿路上皮癌细胞中可检测到癌胚抗原（CEA）。CEA的免疫过氧化物酶标记可提高脱落细胞学检查的敏感性。
