Health Economics Bristol (HEB), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK.
NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
Eur J Health Econ. 2023 Jun;24(4):609-619. doi: 10.1007/s10198-022-01498-y. Epub 2022 Jul 24.
To estimate capability wellbeing lost from the general adult populations in the UK, Australia and the Netherlands in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated social restrictions, including lockdowns.
Cross-sectional with recalled timepoints.
Online panels in the UK, Australia and the Netherlands conducted in February 2021 (data collected 26 January-2 March 2021).
Representative general adult (≥ 18 years old) population samples in the UK (n = 1,017), Australia (n = 1,011) and the Netherlands (n = 1,017) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Participants completed the ICECAP-A capability wellbeing measure in February 2021, and for two recalled timepoints during the initial lockdowns in April 2020 and in February 2020 (prior to COVID-19 restrictions in all three countries). ICECAP-A scores on a 0-1 no capability-full capability scale were calculated for each timepoint. Societal willingness to pay estimates for a year of full capability (YFC) was used to place a monetary value associated with change in capability per person and per country. Paired t tests were used to compare changes in ICECAP-A and YFC from pre- to post-COVID-19-related restrictions in each country.
Mean (standard deviation) loss of capability wellbeing during the initial lockdown was 0.100 (0.17) in the UK, 0.074 (0.17) in Australia and 0.049 (0.12) in the Netherlands. In February 2021, losses compared to pre-lockdown were 0.043 (0.14) in the UK, 0.022 (0.13) in Australia and 0.006 (0.11) in the Netherlands. In monetary terms, these losses were equivalent to £14.8 billion, AUD$8.6 billion and €2.1 billion lost per month in April 2020 and £6.4 billion, A$2.6 billion and €260 million per month in February 2021 for the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, respectively.
There were substantial losses in capability wellbeing in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research is required to understand the specific impact of particular COVID-19 restrictions on people's capabilities.
估算在 COVID-19 大流行的第一年以及相关社会限制（包括封锁）期间，英国、澳大利亚和荷兰普通成年人群体丧失的能力福利。
横截面，具有回顾性时间点。
2021 年 2 月在英国、澳大利亚和荷兰进行的在线面板（数据收集于 2021 年 1 月 26 日至 3 月 2 日）。
英国（n=1017）、澳大利亚（n=1011）和荷兰（n=1017）的代表性普通成年（≥18 岁）人群样本。
参与者于 2021 年 2 月完成能力福利衡量工具 ICECAP-A，并在 2020 年 4 月和 2020 年 2 月（在所有三个国家实施 COVID-19 限制之前）的两个回顾性时间点进行评估。为每个时间点计算了 ICECAP-A 能力福利量表上的 0-1 无能力-完全能力分数。使用一年完全能力（YFC）的社会意愿支付估计值来确定与每个人和每个国家的能力变化相关的货币价值。使用配对 t 检验比较每个国家 COVID-19 相关限制前后 ICECAP-A 和 YFC 的变化。
在最初的封锁期间，英国、澳大利亚和荷兰的能力福利损失平均值（标准差）分别为 0.100（0.17）、0.074（0.17）和 0.049（0.12）。2021 年 2 月，与封锁前相比，英国、澳大利亚和荷兰的损失分别为 0.043（0.14）、0.022（0.13）和 0.006（0.11）。从货币角度来看，这些损失在 2020 年 4 月相当于英国每月 148 亿英镑、澳大利亚每月 86 亿澳元、荷兰每月 21 亿欧元，2021 年 2 月相当于英国每月 64 亿英镑、澳大利亚每月 26 亿澳元、荷兰每月 2.6 亿欧元。
在 COVID-19 大流行的第一年，能力福利有了实质性的下降。需要进一步研究以了解特定的 COVID-19 限制对人们能力的具体影响。
