Kaul Shivani, Akbulut Bengi, Demaria Federico, Gerber Julien-François
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Concordia University, Montréal, Canada.
Sustain Sci. 2022;17(4):1149-1158. doi: 10.1007/s11625-022-01210-2. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
The debates on the sustainability of development have a long history. Although the Brundtland Report popularized "sustainable development", this slippery concept sidelined previous critiques of development and has been compatible with a wide range of conflicting agendas. A notable example of this contradiction is the uncritical promotion of capitalist growth in the pursuit of social justice and ecosystem health by the sustainable development goals. In contrast to this reliance on the "one world" of Euroamerican market economies, this special feature presents 12 case studies of "alternatives to sustainable development". These case studies question the anthropocentric universalism of the development project and enact radically different relational ontologies, often gathered under the conceptual umbrella of the "pluriverse". They focus on territorial, community, and network initiatives that intend to move methodologically beyond discourse analysis with a situated and empirical analysis of how pluriversal practices might flourish as well as generate tensions. We identify three frictions with capitalist modernity emerging from these contributions: (1) how alternatives to sustainable development relate to state institutions, (2) how they engage with the distribution of surplus, and (3) how they unsettle scientific epistemologies, at times regenerating past resources-and at other times radical futures. With this special feature, we hope to re-politicize the debates on the science and practice of sustainability, and weave the contributions of anticolonial and indigenous science studies into neo-Marxist and post-development critiques.
关于发展可持续性的辩论由来已久。尽管《布伦特兰报告》使“可持续发展”广为人知，但这个难以捉摸的概念将先前对发展的批评边缘化了，并且与一系列相互冲突的议程相契合。这种矛盾的一个显著例子是，可持续发展目标在追求社会正义和生态系统健康的过程中不加批判地推动资本主义增长。与这种对欧美市场经济“一个世界”的依赖形成对比的是，本期专题介绍了12个“可持续发展替代方案”的案例研究。这些案例研究质疑了发展项目中的人类中心主义普遍主义，并构建了截然不同的关系本体论，这些本体论通常被归入“多元世界”的概念范畴。它们关注的是地域、社区和网络倡议，这些倡议在方法论上试图超越话语分析，对多元世界的实践如何蓬勃发展以及产生紧张关系进行实地和实证分析。我们从这些文章中发现了与资本主义现代性的三种摩擦：（1）可持续发展替代方案与国家机构的关系；（2）它们如何处理剩余产品的分配；（3）它们如何动摇科学认识论，有时复兴过去的资源，有时创造激进的未来。通过本期专题，我们希望重新将关于可持续性科学与实践的辩论政治化，并将反殖民和本土科学研究的贡献融入新马克思主义和后发展批判之中。
