Chumakov Egor, Dorofeikova Mariia, Tsyrenova Kristina, Petrova Nataliia
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Saint Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No̱ 1 Named After P. P. Kashchenko, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 6;13:943869. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.943869. eCollection 2022.
Cognitive impairment is among the core dimensions in schizophrenia and is a significant predictor of everyday functioning in people with schizophrenia. Given the enormous burden of schizophrenia, the search for its clinically relevant biomarkers is essential. Researchers have been trying to elucidate factors of cognitive impairment as well as personal performance, but the search is still ongoing. The aim of the study was to search for associations between BDNF, CRP, IL-6 and clinical symptoms, cognitive and personal performance in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.
A total of 86 patients (53.5% women, mean age 31.1 ± 6.5) with paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0; ICD-10) in remission were examined. Clinical and neuropsychological examination included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Personal and Social Performance Scale, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Brief Assessment of Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia. IL-6, BDNF, CRP levels were determined in the patients' blood serum.
Cognitive impairment was revealed in 79.1% of patients and was more profound in patients with higher number of hospitalizations ( = 0.006). The average BDNF levels were 13.38 ± 15.84 ng/ml, CRP concentration was 2.09 ± 2.54 mg/l, and IL-6 levels were 12.14 ± 5.88 pg/ml. There were no differences in biomarker levels or BACS results in patients that had different antipsychotic therapy or differed in the presence of anticholinergic therapy. CRP levels were higher in patients with longer disease duration, lower age of onset, more impaired personal social performance and processing speed. IL-6 was higher in individuals with lower working memory scores. PANSS negative subscale score negatively correlated and PSP score positively correlated with most cognitive domains. A linear regression established that the first episode vs. multiple episodes of schizophrenia could statistically significantly predict personal and social performance and cognition, including speech fluency and planning, as well as CRP levels.
This study continues the search for biomarkers of schizophrenia and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia to improve the reliability of diagnosing the disorder and find new treatment approaches. The role of the number of psychoses experienced (first episode vs. multiple episodes of schizophrenia) in cognition, personal and social performance and inflammation is shown.
认知障碍是精神分裂症的核心维度之一，是精神分裂症患者日常功能的重要预测指标。鉴于精神分裂症的巨大负担，寻找其临床相关生物标志物至关重要。研究人员一直在试图阐明认知障碍的因素以及个人表现，但仍在进行探索。本研究的目的是寻找偏执型精神分裂症患者中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）与临床症状、认知及个人表现之间的关联。
共检查了86例处于缓解期的偏执型精神分裂症（F20.0；国际疾病分类第十版[ICD-10]）患者（53.5%为女性，平均年龄31.1±6.5岁）。临床和神经心理学检查包括阳性和阴性症状量表、个人和社会功能量表、精神分裂症卡尔加里抑郁量表以及精神分裂症认知功能简要评估。测定患者血清中的IL-6、BDNF、CRP水平。
79.1%的患者存在认知障碍，住院次数较多的患者认知障碍更严重（P = 0.006）。BDNF平均水平为13.38±15.84纳克/毫升，CRP浓度为2.09±2.54毫克/升，IL-6水平为12.14±5.88皮克/毫升。接受不同抗精神病治疗或是否存在抗胆碱能治疗的患者，其生物标志物水平或精神分裂症认知功能简要评估结果无差异。病程较长、发病年龄较小、个人社会功能和处理速度受损更严重的患者CRP水平较高。工作记忆得分较低的个体IL-6水平较高。阳性和阴性症状量表阴性分量表得分与大多数认知领域呈负相关，个人和社会功能量表得分与大多数认知领域呈正相关。线性回归分析表明，精神分裂症首次发作与多次发作在统计学上可显著预测个人和社会功能以及认知，包括言语流畅性和计划性，以及CRP水平。
本研究继续探索精神分裂症及精神分裂症认知障碍的生物标志物，以提高该疾病诊断的可靠性并寻找新的治疗方法。研究显示了经历的精神病发作次数（精神分裂症首次发作与多次发作）在认知、个人和社会功能以及炎症方面的作用。
