Pelegrín Carlos Javier, Ramos Marina, Jiménez Alfonso, Garrigós María Carmen
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jul 8;9:944830. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.944830. eCollection 2022.
Tiger nut is highly appreciated in the Mediterranean basin by the large number of nutritional advantages offered by a beverage, called "," which is directly obtained from the tuber of L. However, the current tiger nut harvesting and processing practices generate a large number of residues, mainly a solid by-product after processing and the plant that remains spread out in the fields. In this work the plant residues have been fully characterized to get a clear picture of the possibilities for its valorization to generate products with high added value. Several analytical techniques have been applied to obtain data to assess the real possibilities of these residues in advanced applications in the food, packaging and nutrition sectors. Results on the compositional and elemental analysis, monosaccharide composition, phenolic concentration, and antioxidant capacity were obtained from the dry powder (DP). The high content of α-cellulose (47.2 ± 1.8%) in DP could open new possibilities for these residues as raw material in the production of cellulose nanoentities. Many essential minerals with nutritional interest (Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) and free sugars (xylose, arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid) were identified in the DP making it an interesting source of valuable nutrients. The total carbohydrate content was 171 ± 31 mg g . In addition, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to obtain extracts rich in polyphenolic compounds. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used, and the optimal extraction conditions predicted by the model were 80°C, 18 min, ethanol concentration 40% (v/v), and solvent volume 77 mL, showing an extraction yield of 2.27 ± 0.09%, TPC value was 136 ± 3 mg 100 g and antioxidant capacity by the ABTS method was 8.41 ± 0.09 μmol g . Other assays (FRAP and DPPH) were also tested, confirming the high antioxidant capacity of DP extracts. Some polyphenols were identified and quantified: -coumaric (7.67 ± 0.16 mg 100 g ), ferulic (4.07 ± 0.01 mg 100 g ), sinapinic (0.50 ± 0.01 mg 100 g ) and cinnamic acids (1.10 ± 0.03 mg 100 g ), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1.28 ± 0.06 mg 100 g ), luteolin (1.03 ± 0.01 mg 100 g ), and naringenin (0.60 ± 0.01 mg 100 g ). It can be concluded that L. residues obtained from the tiger nut harvesting and processing could be an important source of high value compounds with potential uses in different industrial sectors, while limiting the environmental hazards associated with the current agricultural practices.
虎坚果在地中海盆地备受青睐，因为一种名为“ ”的饮料具有众多营养优势，该饮料直接取自 的块茎。然而，当前虎坚果的收获和加工方式会产生大量残留物，主要是加工后的固体副产品以及留在田间的植株。在这项研究中，对植物残留物进行了全面表征，以清楚了解其增值潜力，从而生产具有高附加值的产品。已应用多种分析技术来获取数据，以评估这些残留物在食品、包装和营养领域的先进应用中的实际潜力。从干粉（DP）中获得了成分和元素分析、单糖组成、酚类浓度和抗氧化能力的结果。DP中高含量的α-纤维素（47.2±1.8%）为这些残留物作为纤维素纳米实体生产的原料开辟了新的可能性。在DP中鉴定出许多具有营养意义的必需矿物质（钠、镁、钙、锰、铁、铜和锌）和游离糖（木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸），使其成为有价值营养物质的有趣来源。总碳水化合物含量为171±31毫克/克。此外，采用微波辅助萃取（MAE）获得富含多酚化合物的提取物。使用了Box-Behnken设计（BBD），模型预测的最佳萃取条件为80°C、18分钟、乙醇浓度40%（v/v）和溶剂体积77毫升，萃取产率为2.27±0.09%，总酚含量（TPC）值为136±3毫克/100克，通过ABTS法测定的抗氧化能力为8.41±0.09微摩尔/克。还测试了其他方法（FRAP和DPPH），证实了DP提取物具有高抗氧化能力。鉴定并定量了一些多酚：对香豆酸（7.67±0.16毫克/100克）、阿魏酸（4.07±0.01毫克/100克）、芥子酸（0.50±0.01毫克/100克）和肉桂酸（1.10±0.03毫克/100克）、4-羟基苯甲醛（1.28±0.06毫克/100克）、木犀草素（1.03±0.01毫克/100克）和柚皮素（0.60±0.01毫克/100克）。可以得出结论，从虎坚果收获和加工中获得的 残留物可能是高价值化合物的重要来源，在不同工业部门具有潜在用途，同时限制了与当前农业实践相关的环境危害。
