Pesando Luca Maria, Barban Nicola, Sironi Maria, Furstenberg Frank F
Popul Dev Rev. 2021 Sep;47(3):719-747. doi: 10.1111/padr.12425. Epub 2021 Jul 13.
This study investigates whether young people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have experienced processes of destandardization of the life course similar to those observed in high-income societies. We provide two contributions to the relevant literature. First, we use data from 263 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) across 69 LMICs, offering the richest comparative account to date of women's transition to adulthood (TTA) patterns in the developing world. In so doing, we adopt sequence analysis and shift the focus from individual life-course events-namely first sexual intercourse, first union, and first birth-to a visually appealing approach that allows us to describe interrelations among events. By focusing on the analysis of trajectories rather than the occurrence of single events, the study provides an in-depth focus on the timing of events, time intervals between events, and how experiencing (or not) one event might have consequences for subsequent markers in the TTA in cross-national comparative perspective. Second, we identify clusters of TTA and explore their changes across cohorts by region and household location of residence (rural vs. urban). We document significant differences by macro-regions, yet relative stability across cohorts. We interpret the latter as suggestive of cultural specificities that make the TTA resistant to change and slow to converge across regions, if converging at all. Also, we find that much of the difference across cluster typologies ensues from variation related to the transition begins (early vs. late), rather than from the duration between events, which tends to be uniformly quick across three out of four clusters.
本研究调查了低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）的年轻人是否经历了与高收入社会中所观察到的类似的人生历程去标准化过程。我们对相关文献有两点贡献。首先，我们使用了来自69个低收入和中等收入国家的263份人口与健康调查（DHS）的数据，提供了迄今为止关于发展中世界女性向成年期过渡（TTA）模式最丰富的比较描述。在此过程中，我们采用序列分析，并将重点从个体人生历程事件——即首次性交、首次结合和首次生育——转移到一种直观的方法上，这种方法使我们能够描述事件之间的相互关系。通过关注轨迹分析而非单个事件的发生，该研究从跨国比较的角度深入关注了事件的时间、事件之间的时间间隔，以及经历（或未经历）一个事件如何可能对TTA中的后续标志产生影响。其次，我们确定了TTA的聚类，并按地区和居住的家庭位置（农村与城市）探讨了不同队列中这些聚类的变化。我们记录了宏观区域之间的显著差异，但各队列之间相对稳定。我们将后者解释为文化特殊性的体现，这种特殊性使得TTA难以改变，并且在各地区之间即使会趋同也很缓慢。此外，我们发现聚类类型之间的许多差异源于与过渡开始时间（早与晚）相关的变化，而不是事件之间的持续时间，在四个聚类中的三个聚类中，事件之间的持续时间往往都很快。
