Beaudry Kayleigh M, Binet Emileigh R, Collao Nicolás, De Lisio Michael
School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jul 7;13:915390. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.915390. eCollection 2022.
Human skeletal muscle is a remarkedly plastic tissue that has a high capacity to adapt in response to various stimuli. These adaptations are due in part to the function of muscle-resident stem/progenitor cells. Skeletal muscle regeneration and adaptation is facilitated by the activation and expansion of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). MuSC fate is regulated by signals released from cells in their niche, such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), as well as a variety of non-cellular niche components. Sufficient dietary protein consumption is critical for maximizing skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise and maintaining skeletal muscle in disease; however, the role of dietary protein in altering MuSC and FAP responses to exercise in healthy populations and skeletal muscle disease states requires more research. The present review provides an overview of this emerging field and suggestions for future directions. The current literature suggests that in response to resistance exercise, protein supplementation has been shown to increase MuSC content and the MuSC response to acute exercise. Similarly, protein supplementation augments the increase in MuSC content following resistance training. Endurance exercise, conversely, is an area of research that is sparse with respect to the interaction of protein supplementation and exercise on muscle stem/progenitor cell fate. Initial evidence suggests that protein supplementation augments the early myogenic response to acute endurance exercise but does not enhance the MuSC response to endurance training. Resistance training increases the number of proliferating FAPs with no additional effect of protein supplementation. Future research should continue to focus on the nutritional regulation of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cell fate paired with studies examining the effects of exercise on a variety of human populations.
人类骨骼肌是一种具有显著可塑性的组织，对各种刺激具有高度的适应能力。这些适应性变化部分归因于肌肉驻留干细胞/祖细胞的功能。肌肉干细胞（MuSCs）的激活和扩增促进了骨骼肌的再生和适应。MuSC的命运受其微环境中细胞释放的信号调节，如成纤维脂肪生成祖细胞（FAPs），以及各种非细胞微环境成分。充足的膳食蛋白质摄入对于最大限度地促进骨骼肌对运动的适应以及在疾病状态下维持骨骼肌功能至关重要；然而，膳食蛋白质在改变健康人群和骨骼肌疾病状态下MuSC和FAP对运动的反应方面的作用仍需要更多研究。本综述概述了这一新兴领域，并提出了未来的研究方向建议。目前的文献表明，在抗阻运动中，补充蛋白质已被证明可增加MuSC含量以及MuSC对急性运动的反应。同样，补充蛋白质可增强抗阻训练后MuSC含量的增加。相反，在蛋白质补充与运动对肌肉干细胞/祖细胞命运的相互作用方面，耐力运动是一个研究较少的领域。初步证据表明，补充蛋白质可增强对急性耐力运动的早期肌源性反应，但不会增强MuSC对耐力训练的反应。抗阻训练可增加增殖FAPs的数量，补充蛋白质没有额外影响。未来的研究应继续关注骨骼肌干细胞/祖细胞命运的营养调节，并结合研究运动对各种人群的影响。
