Goulart Débora Brito, Mellata Melha
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jul 7;13:928346. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928346. eCollection 2022.
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue parenchyma that causes pathological changes in the glandular tissue and abnormalities in milk leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry across the world. Mammary pathogenic (MPEC) is one of the main etiologic agents of acute clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. MPEC strains have virulence attributes to resist the host innate defenses and thrive in the mammary gland environment. The association between specific virulence factors of MPEC with the severity of mastitis in cattle is not fully understood. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat mastitis has resulted in antimicrobial resistance to all major antibiotic classes in MPEC. A thorough understanding of MPEC's pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to develop better interventions to reduce mastitis incidence and prevalence in cattle and the environment. This review compiles important information on mastitis caused by MPEC (e.g., types of mastitis, host immune response, diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease) as well as the current knowledge on MPEC virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and the dilemma of MPEC as a new pathotype. The information provided in this review is critical to identifying gaps in knowledge that will guide future studies to better design diagnostic, prevent, and develop therapeutic interventions for this significant dairy disease.
牛乳腺炎是乳腺组织实质的一种炎症，会导致腺组织发生病理变化以及乳汁出现异常，给全球乳制品行业造成重大经济损失。乳腺病原菌（MPEC）是奶牛急性临床乳腺炎的主要病因之一。MPEC菌株具有毒力特性，能够抵抗宿主的固有防御并在乳腺环境中繁殖。MPEC的特定毒力因子与牛乳腺炎严重程度之间的关联尚未完全明确。此外，不加区分地使用抗生素治疗乳腺炎已导致MPEC对所有主要抗生素类别产生耐药性。为了制定更好的干预措施以降低牛乳腺炎在牛群和环境中的发病率和流行率，需要深入了解MPEC的发病机制和抗菌药敏模式。本综述汇编了有关MPEC引起的乳腺炎的重要信息（例如，乳腺炎类型、宿主免疫反应、疾病诊断、治疗和控制）以及有关MPEC毒力因子、抗菌耐药性和MPEC作为一种新致病型所面临困境的现有知识。本综述提供的信息对于识别知识空白至关重要，这些空白将指导未来的研究，以便更好地设计针对这种重要奶牛疾病的诊断、预防和治疗干预措施。
