Wang Dongxue, Cao Hong, Hua Weizhong, Gao Lu, Yuan Yu, Zhou Xuchang, Zeng Zhipeng
School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Jul 19;12(7):716. doi: 10.3390/membranes12070716.
The repair of critical bone defects is a hotspot of orthopedic research. With the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE), there is increasing evidence showing that the combined application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (MSC-EVs), especially exosomes, with hydrogels, scaffolds, and other bioactive materials has made great progress, exhibiting a good potential for bone regeneration. Recent studies have found that miRNAs, proteins, and other cargo loaded in EVs are key factors in promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In BTE, the expression profile of the intrinsic cargo of EVs can be changed by modifying the gene expression of MSCs to obtain EVs with enhanced osteogenic activity and ultimately enhance the osteoinductive ability of bone graft materials. However, the current research on MSC-EVs for repairing bone defects is still in its infancy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, the effect of bioactive materials such as hydrogels and scaffolds combined with MSC-EVs in repairing bone defects is summarized, and the mechanism of MSC-EVs promoting bone defect repair by delivering active molecules such as internal miRNAs is further elucidated, which provides a theoretical basis and reference for the clinical application of MSC-EVs in repairing bone defects.
严重骨缺损的修复是骨科研究的热点。随着骨组织工程（BTE）的发展，越来越多的证据表明，间充质干细胞（MSC）来源的细胞外囊泡（EV），尤其是外泌体，与水凝胶、支架和其他生物活性材料联合应用已取得很大进展，展现出良好的骨再生潜力。最近的研究发现，EV中装载的miRNA、蛋白质和其他货物是促进成骨和血管生成的关键因素。在骨组织工程中，可以通过修饰MSC的基因表达来改变EV内在货物的表达谱，从而获得具有增强成骨活性的EV，并最终提高骨移植材料的骨诱导能力。然而，目前关于MSC-EV修复骨缺损的研究仍处于起步阶段，其潜在机制尚不清楚。因此，在本综述中，总结了水凝胶和支架等生物活性材料与MSC-EV联合应用在修复骨缺损中的作用，并进一步阐明了MSC-EV通过递送内部miRNA等活性分子促进骨缺损修复的机制，为MSC-EV在修复骨缺损中的临床应用提供理论依据和参考。
