Management of Complex Systems Department, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
Psychol Res. 2023 Jun;87(4):1143-1154. doi: 10.1007/s00426-022-01694-8. Epub 2022 Jul 26.
When viewing scenes, observers differ in how long they linger at each fixation location and how far they move their eyes between fixations. What factors drive these differences in eye-movement behaviors? Previous work suggests individual differences in working memory capacity may influence fixation durations and saccade amplitudes. In the present study, participants (N = 98) performed two scene-viewing tasks, aesthetic judgment and memorization, while viewing 100 photographs of real-world scenes. Working memory capacity, working memory processing ability, and fluid intelligence were assessed with an operation span task, a memory updating task, and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, respectively. Across participants, we found significant effects of task on both fixation durations and saccade amplitudes. At the level of each individual participant, we also found a significant relationship between memory updating task performance and participants' fixation duration distributions. However, we found no effect of fluid intelligence and no effect of working memory capacity on fixation duration or saccade amplitude distributions, inconsistent with previous findings. These results suggest that the ability to flexibly maintain and update working memory is strongly related to fixation duration behavior.
当观看场景时，观察者在每个注视位置停留的时间以及在注视之间移动眼睛的距离上存在差异。那么，是什么因素导致这些眼动行为的差异呢？先前的研究表明，工作记忆容量的个体差异可能会影响注视持续时间和眼跳幅度。在本研究中，参与者（N=98）在观看 100 张真实场景照片的同时，分别完成了审美判断和记忆任务。工作记忆容量、工作记忆加工能力和流体智力分别通过运算广度任务、记忆更新任务和瑞文标准推理测验进行评估。在所有参与者中，我们发现任务对注视持续时间和眼跳幅度都有显著影响。在每个个体参与者的层面上，我们还发现记忆更新任务表现与参与者的注视持续时间分布之间存在显著关系。然而，我们没有发现流体智力和工作记忆容量对注视持续时间或眼跳幅度分布有影响，这与之前的研究结果不一致。这些结果表明，灵活地维持和更新工作记忆的能力与注视持续时间行为密切相关。
