Arexis Mahé, Maquestiaux François
Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Ledoux, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
Université de Franche-Comté-UFR SLHS, 30 rue Mégevand, 25030, Besançon, France.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2023 Feb;30(1):174-183. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02145-6. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Does the Ebbinghaus visual illusion really influence sports performances? Does the influence depend on the type of knowledge (procedural vs. declarative) that guides movement? To address these questions, we evaluated the knowledge hypothesis, a novel hypothesis according to which the more sports performance relies on procedural knowledge, the more it will be influenced by visual illusions. In the context of golf putting, we first used the high-error/low-error motor-learning technique (Experiment 1) or varied the number of practice trials (Experiment 2) to induce novice participants to rely more on procedural knowledge than on declarative knowledge (or vice versa). We then manipulated the perceived size of two golf holes by projecting a ring of small or large circles around them, which caused the holes to appear larger or smaller, respectively. This Ebbinghaus visual illusion had an influence on putting in both experiments. We also observed a pattern of findings consistent with the knowledge hypothesis: the procedural groups were moderately influenced by the illusion when putting, but the declarative groups were influenced only weakly, at best. Among the participants most sensitive to the illusion, the analyses confirmed a significantly stronger influence for the procedural group. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the effect of visual illusions on sports performance is a reliable phenomenon for proceduralized actions. The knowledge hypothesis represents an attractive way of reconciling earlier divergent findings.
艾宾浩斯视觉错觉真的会影响运动表现吗？这种影响是否取决于指导动作的知识类型（程序性知识与陈述性知识）？为了回答这些问题，我们评估了知识假说，这是一种新颖的假说，即运动表现越依赖程序性知识，就越会受到视觉错觉的影响。在高尔夫推杆的情境中，我们首先使用高错误率/低错误率的运动学习技术（实验1）或改变练习试验的次数（实验2），以使新手参与者更多地依赖程序性知识而非陈述性知识（反之亦然）。然后，我们通过在两个高尔夫球洞周围投射一圈小圆圈或大圆圈来操纵它们的感知大小，这分别使球洞看起来更大或更小。这种艾宾浩斯视觉错觉在两个实验中都对推杆产生了影响。我们还观察到了与知识假说一致的结果模式：程序性组在推杆时受到错觉的中度影响，但陈述性组充其量只受到微弱的影响。在对错觉最敏感的参与者中，分析证实程序性组的影响明显更强。总体而言，这些发现表明视觉错觉对运动表现的影响对于程序化动作来说是一种可靠的现象。知识假说代表了一种调和早期不同研究结果的有吸引力的方式。
