Niet Mark de, Wetzels Veerle M A, Pion Johan, Faber Irene R, Platvoet Sebastiaan W J, Elferink-Gemser Marije T
Department of Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
Children (Basel). 2022 Jun 28;9(7):964. doi: 10.3390/children9070964.
Gross motor coordination (GMC) is essential for the development of specific motor skills and long-term participation in physical activities and sports. Group analysis reveals that, on average, children develop these skills gradually; however, how individuals develop GMC is less clear. The main aim of this study is to increase the understanding of developmental patterns within one school year, and whether children’s grade, gender, or baseline GMC proficiency are associated with these developmental patterns. In total, 2594 Dutch children aged 6−12 years performed the modified Körper Koordinations Test für Kinder (KTK3+) twice in one school year (autumn and spring). The KTK3+ includes four subtests: walking backwards, moving sideways, jumping sideways, and eye-hand coordination (EHC) test. On average, children developed significantly on all subtests (p < 0.001). At baseline, children in higher grades scored significantly higher than children in lower grades, and children in grades 5 and 6 (age 9 and 10 years) showed most development (raw scores on average, p < 0.001). Boys outperformed girls on EHC across all grades, whereas girls outperformed boys on walking backwards. Nevertheless, both boys and girls developed similarly. Children with lower scores at baseline developed more quickly across all grades. Noteworthy is that 12.1−24% (depending on the test item) of the children scored lower in the spring than in the autumn tests. On average, children develop their GMC; however, we report large differences in their individual trajectories and note that a substantial number did not show a positive GMC development. Further research should examine GMC development with more possible influencing factors as well as over a longer time span to better understand differences in children’s GMC development. This may result in more individualized programs in PE lessons, enabling children to optimally develop their GMC, and better use of GMC assessment tools to monitor children’s development.
粗大运动协调（GMC）对于特定运动技能的发展以及长期参与体育活动和运动至关重要。群体分析表明，儿童平均会逐渐发展这些技能；然而，个体如何发展GMC尚不太清楚。本研究的主要目的是增进对一学年内发展模式的理解，以及儿童的年级、性别或基线GMC熟练程度是否与这些发展模式相关。共有2594名6至12岁的荷兰儿童在一学年内（秋季和春季）两次进行了改良的儿童身体协调测试（KTK3+）。KTK3+包括四个子测试：向后走、侧向移动、侧向跳跃和眼手协调（EHC）测试。平均而言，儿童在所有子测试中都有显著发展（p<0.001）。在基线时，高年级儿童的得分显著高于低年级儿童，五年级和六年级（9岁和10岁）的儿童发展最为显著（平均原始得分，p<0.001）。在所有年级中，男孩在EHC测试中的表现都优于女孩，而女孩在向后走方面的表现优于男孩。尽管如此，男孩和女孩的发展情况相似。基线得分较低的儿童在所有年级中的发展速度更快。值得注意的是，12.1%至24%（取决于测试项目）的儿童在春季测试中的得分低于秋季测试。平均而言，儿童会发展他们的GMC；然而，我们报告了他们个体发展轨迹的巨大差异，并指出相当数量的儿童并未表现出积极的GMC发展。进一步的研究应在更多可能的影响因素下以及更长的时间跨度内研究GMC发展，以更好地理解儿童GMC发展的差异。这可能会导致体育课程中更具个性化的项目，使儿童能够最佳地发展他们的GMC，并更好地利用GMC评估工具来监测儿童的发展。
Zotero 插件
