Canli Tulay, Canli Umut, Taskin Cuneyt, Aldhahi Monira I
Institute of Health Sciences, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag 59010, Turkey.
Sports Science Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59010, Turkey.
Children (Basel). 2023 Sep 8;10(9):1524. doi: 10.3390/children10091524.
Motor coordination (MC) is an essential skill underpinning precise and controlled movements, contributing significantly to daily functioning and overall performance. The developmental trajectory of MC in children is intricately shaped by a spectrum of factors encompassing age, gender, and physical activity engagement. Delving into the complex interrelation of these variables holds the potential to unravel nuanced developmental trends and offer targeted avenues for interventions aimed at augmenting motor proficiency in the pediatric population. This study aimed to assess the differences in MC of primary school students based on sex, age, and physical activity participation (PAP). A total of 848 students from public primary schools, aged between 6-9 years, including 412 boys and 436 girls. The MC was measured using Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3+) test battery, which included Jumping sideways (JS), Balancing backward (BB), Moving sideways (MS), and Eye-Hand Coordination (EHC). One-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine the binary and triple interactions of sex, age, and PAP variables on the MC parameters of the participants. The study revealed that boys aged 6-9 had higher scores than girls on eye-hand coordination (EHC) ( < 0.02). No significant gender-related differences in balancing backward (BB), jumping sideways (JS), and moving sideways (MS) were found. When the subtests of KTK3+ were compared by age, a significant difference was observed between the groups in all subtests ( < 0.05). With respect to PAP, students with PAP had a significant advantage in all subtests of the KTK3+ ( < 0.05). The double co-effects or triple co-effects of age, sex, and PAP parameters do not influence the KTK parameters. This study presents evidence supporting sex differences in the motor skills of children within this age range and highlights the potential impact of age and physical activity on motor development.
运动协调（MC）是一项支撑精确且可控运动的基本技能，对日常功能和整体表现有重大贡献。儿童MC的发展轨迹受到年龄、性别和体育活动参与等一系列因素的复杂影响。深入研究这些变量之间的复杂相互关系，有可能揭示细微的发展趋势，并为旨在提高儿童运动能力的干预措施提供有针对性的途径。本研究旨在评估小学生在性别、年龄和体育活动参与（PAP）方面的MC差异。共有848名来自公立小学的学生参与，年龄在6至9岁之间，其中包括412名男生和436名女生。使用儿童身体协调测试（KTK3+）测试组合来测量MC，该测试组合包括侧向跳跃（JS）、向后平衡（BB）、侧向移动（MS）和眼手协调（EHC）。采用单因素多变量方差分析（MANOVA）来确定性别、年龄和PAP变量对参与者MC参数的二元和三元交互作用。研究表明，6至9岁的男孩在眼手协调（EHC）方面的得分高于女孩（<0.02）。在向后平衡（BB）、侧向跳跃（JS）和侧向移动（MS）方面未发现显著的性别差异。当按年龄比较KTK3+的子测试时，所有子测试组之间均观察到显著差异（<0.05）。关于PAP，参与PAP的学生在KTK3+的所有子测试中均具有显著优势（<0.05）。年龄、性别和PAP参数的双重或三重共同作用不会影响KTK参数。本研究提供了证据支持该年龄范围内儿童运动技能的性别差异，并强调了年龄和体育活动对运动发育的潜在影响。
