Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), 00161 Rome, Italy.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 9;12(7):503. doi: 10.3390/bios12070503.
Food allergy has been indicated as the most frequent adverse reaction to food ingredients over the past few years. Since the only way to avoid the occurrence of allergic phenomena is to eliminate allergenic foods, it is essential to have complete and accurate information on the components of foodstuff. In this framework, it is mandatory and crucial to provide fast, cost-effective, affordable, and reliable analysis methods for the screening of specific allergen content in food products. This review reports the research advancements concerning food allergen detection, involving electrochemical biosensors. It focuses on the sensing strategies evidencing different types of recognition elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids, and cells, among others, the nanomaterial role, the several electrochemical techniques involved and last, but not least, the ad hoc electrodic surface modification approaches. Moreover, a selection of the most recent electrochemical sensors for allergen detection are reported and critically analyzed in terms of the sensors' analytical performances. Finally, advantages, limitations, and potentialities for practical applications of electrochemical biosensors for allergens are discussed.
在过去的几年中，食物过敏已被指出是食物成分中最常见的不良反应。由于避免过敏现象发生的唯一方法是消除过敏原食物，因此，了解食物成分的完整和准确信息至关重要。在这种情况下，提供快速、具有成本效益、负担得起且可靠的分析方法来筛选食品中特定过敏原含量是强制性的和关键的。本综述报告了涉及电化学生物传感器的食物过敏原检测的研究进展。它侧重于证明不同类型识别元件（如抗体、核酸和细胞等）的传感策略，纳米材料的作用、涉及的多种电化学技术以及最后但同样重要的是，特殊的电极表面修饰方法。此外，还报告并批判性地分析了用于过敏原检测的最新电化学传感器，根据传感器的分析性能进行评估。最后，讨论了用于过敏原的电化学生物传感器的优点、局限性和实际应用的潜力。
