Department of Chemistry, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
Molecules. 2022 Feb 23;27(5):1497. doi: 10.3390/molecules27051497.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is finding increasing use in electrochemical sensors and biosensors, both in their characterisation, including during successive phases of sensor construction, and in application as a quantitative determination technique. Much of the published work continues to make little use of all the information that can be furnished by full physical modelling and analysis of the impedance spectra, and thus does not throw more than a superficial light on the processes occurring. Analysis is often restricted to estimating values of charge transfer resistances without interpretation and ignoring other electrical equivalent circuit components. In this article, the important basics of electrochemical impedance for electrochemical sensors and biosensors are presented, focussing on the necessary electrical circuit elements. This is followed by examples of its use in characterisation and in electroanalytical applications, at the same time demonstrating how fuller use can be made of the information obtained from complete modelling and analysis of the data in the spectra, the values of the circuit components and their physical meaning. The future outlook for electrochemical impedance in the sensing field is discussed.
电化学阻抗谱在电化学传感器和生物传感器中的应用越来越广泛，包括在传感器构建的各个阶段的特性描述以及作为定量测定技术的应用。发表的许多研究工作仍然很少利用通过对阻抗谱进行全物理建模和分析可以提供的所有信息，因此只是对发生的过程进行了表面上的了解。分析通常仅限于估计电荷转移电阻的值，而不进行解释，并且忽略其他等效电路元件。本文介绍了电化学传感器和生物传感器中电化学阻抗的重要基础知识，重点介绍了必要的电路元件。然后介绍了它在特性描述和电分析应用中的示例，同时展示了如何更充分地利用从数据的完整建模和分析中获得的信息，包括电路元件的值及其物理意义。讨论了电化学阻抗在传感领域的未来展望。
