Kolics Balázs, Kolics Éva, Mátyás Kinga, Taller János, Specziár András
Festetics Bioinnovation Group, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary.
Balaton Limnological Research Institute, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
Insects. 2022 Jul 15;13(7):633. doi: 10.3390/insects13070633.
Varroosis is one of the most dangerous threats to the bee industry but means of its treatment are still unsatisfactory. Lithium-based anti-Varroa treatments may provide an alternative, as this trace element can be a natural component of honey and is well tolerated by adult bees. However, it can be toxic to larvae and its use in beekeeping practice is not yet well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of relevant application methods of acaricides used in beekeeping practice in brood-free conditions for lithium. Vaporisation proved to be an inefficient method of lithium treatment and killed only 9.9 ± 3.3% (mean ± SD) of mites in the hive. Lithium-impregnated paper strips showed moderate efficiency by killing 55.1 ± 26.2% of mites. The most effective way of applying lithium was the trickling method; different trickling treatments decreased the abundance of mites on average by 65 to 99.7%, depending on the applied dosage and the number of treatments. Repeated trickling treatments were more effective than single treatments, and they generally provided >90% efficiency. Experiments also proved that adding sugar to the trickling solution does not influence treatment efficiency. Thus, it is suggested that repeated and sugar-free trickling treatments with moderate lithium dosage could be the most rational methodology. Since lithium is not yet legalised in beekeeping practice, comprehensive studies are also needed to uncover the amount of lithium residue in bee products, depending on the treatment parameters.
瓦螨病是养蜂业面临的最危险威胁之一，但其治疗方法仍不尽人意。基于锂的抗瓦螨治疗可能提供一种替代方案，因为这种微量元素可以是蜂蜜的天然成分，并且成年蜜蜂对其耐受性良好。然而，它可能对幼虫有毒，并且其在养蜂实践中的使用尚未得到充分了解。本研究旨在调查养蜂实践中使用的杀螨剂在无幼虫条件下对锂的相关应用方法的效果。事实证明，汽化是一种低效的锂处理方法，仅杀死了蜂箱中9.9±3.3%（平均值±标准差）的螨虫。浸锂纸条显示出中等效率，杀死了55.1±26.2%的螨虫。应用锂的最有效方法是滴加法；不同的滴加处理平均可使螨虫数量减少65%至99.7%，这取决于所施用的剂量和处理次数。重复滴加处理比单次处理更有效，并且通常能达到>90%的效率。实验还证明，在滴加溶液中添加糖不会影响处理效率。因此，建议使用中等锂剂量的重复且无糖的滴加处理可能是最合理的方法。由于锂在养蜂实践中尚未合法化，还需要进行全面研究，以根据处理参数揭示蜂产品中锂的残留量。
