Chai Hongmei, Liu Ping, Ma Yuanhao, Chen Weimin, Tao Nan, Zhao Yongchang
Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Jul 19;8(7):746. doi: 10.3390/jof8070746.
True morels ( spp.) are a group of delicious fungi in high demand worldwide, and some species of morels have been successfully cultivated in recent years. To better understand the sexual reproductive mechanisms of these fungi, we characterized the structure of the mating-type loci from ten morel species, and seven of them were obtained using long-range PCR amplification. Among the studied species, eight were heterothallic, two were homothallic, and four types of composition were observed in the loci. In three of the five black morel species, the , , and genes were in the idiomorph, and only the gene was in the idiomorph, while an integration event occurred in the other two species and resulted in the importation of the gene into the idiomorph and survival as a truncated fragment in the idiomorph. However, the gene was not available in the four yellow morels and one blushing morel species. , a representative species of the earliest diverging branch of true morels, along with another yellow morel , were confirmed to be homothallic, and the , , and genes were arranged in a tandem array. Therefore, we hypothesized that homothallism should be the ancestral reproductive state in RT-PCR analyses revealed that four mating genes could be constitutively expressed, while the gene underwent alternative splicing to produce different splice variants.
真羊肚菌（羊肚菌属）是一类在全球需求量很大的美味真菌，近年来一些羊肚菌物种已成功实现人工栽培。为了更好地了解这些真菌的有性生殖机制，我们对10种羊肚菌的交配型位点结构进行了表征，其中7种是通过长距离PCR扩增获得的。在所研究的物种中，8种是异宗配合的，2种是同宗配合的，并且在交配型位点观察到4种组成类型。在5种黑色羊肚菌物种中的3种里，MAT1-1-1、MAT1-1-2和MAT1-2-1基因存在于MAT1-1 idiomorph中，只有MAT1-2-2基因存在于MAT1-2 idiomorph中，而在另外两个物种中发生了一次整合事件，导致MAT1-2-1基因导入MAT1-2 idiomorph并在MAT1-1 idiomorph中作为截短片段留存。然而，在4种黄色羊肚菌和1种变红羊肚菌物种中未检测到MAT1-2-1基因。作为真羊肚菌最早分化分支的代表性物种，以及另一种黄色羊肚菌，被证实是同宗配合的，并且MAT1-1-1、MAT1-1-2和MAT1-2-2基因呈串联排列。因此，我们推测同宗配合应该是真羊肚菌的原始生殖状态。RT-PCR分析表明，4个交配基因可以组成型表达，而MAT1-2-1基因经历可变剪接产生不同的剪接变体。
