Gómez Juan Fernando Morales, Cônsolo Nara Regina Brandão, Antonelo Daniel Silva, Beline Mariane, Gagaoua Mohammed, Higuera-Padilla Angel, Colnago Luiz Alberto, Gerrard David Edwin, Silva Saulo Luz
Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
Metabolites. 2022 Jul 13;12(7):640. doi: 10.3390/metabo12070640.
The present study explored changes in the meat metabolome of animals subjected to different finishing systems and growth rates. Thirty-six Angus × Nellore crossbred steers were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments: (1) feedlot system with high average daily gain (ADG; FH); (2) feedlot system with low ADG (FL); (3) pasture system with high ADG (PH); and (4) pasture system with low ADG (PL). After harvest and chilling, (LT) muscle samples were taken for metabolite profile analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance. Spectrum was analyzed using chenomx software, and multi- and mega-variate data analyses were performed. The PLS-DA showed clear separation between FH and PL groups and overlap among treatments with different finishing systems but similar for matching ADG (FL and PH) treatments. Using a VIP cut-off of around 1.0, ATP and fumarate were shown to be greater in meat from PL cattle, while succinate, leucine, AMP, glutamate, carnosine, inosine, methionine, G1P, and choline were greater in meat from FH. Comparing FL and PH treatments, glutamine, carnosine, urea, NAD+, malonate, lactate, isoleucine, and alanine were greater in the meat of PH cattle, while G6P and betaine were elevated in that of FL cattle. Relevant pathways were also identified by differences in growth rate (FH versus PL) and finishing system were also noted. Growth rate caused a clear difference in meat metabolism that was highlighted by energy metabolism and associated pathways, while the feeding system tended to alter protein and lipid metabolism.
本研究探讨了处于不同育肥系统和生长速率下动物肌肉代谢组的变化。选用36头安格斯×内罗尔杂交阉牛，采用完全随机设计，分为四种处理：(1) 高平均日增重（ADG）的饲养场系统（FH）；(2) 低ADG的饲养场系统（FL）；(3) 高ADG的牧场系统（PH）；(4) 低ADG的牧场系统（PL）。屠宰和冷却后，采集腰大肌（LT）肌肉样本，采用核磁共振进行代谢物谱分析。使用chenomx软件分析光谱，并进行多变量和超变量数据分析。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）显示FH组和PL组之间有明显分离，不同育肥系统的处理之间存在重叠，但匹配ADG（FL和PH）的处理相似。使用约1.0的变量重要性投影（VIP）临界值，结果显示PL牛的肉中ATP和富马酸含量更高，而FH牛的肉中琥珀酸、亮氨酸、AMP、谷氨酸、肌肽、肌苷、蛋氨酸、葡萄糖-1-磷酸（G1P）和胆碱含量更高。比较FL和PH处理，PH牛的肉中谷氨酰胺、肌肽、尿素、NAD⁺、丙二酸、乳酸、异亮氨酸和丙氨酸含量更高，而FL牛的肉中葡萄糖-6-磷酸（G6P）和甜菜碱含量升高。还通过生长速率（FH与PL）差异确定了相关途径，同时也注意到育肥系统的差异。生长速率导致肌肉代谢出现明显差异，能量代谢及相关途径突出显示了这种差异，而饲养系统则倾向于改变蛋白质和脂质代谢。
