Torrinha Álvaro, Oliveira Thiago M B F, Ribeiro Francisco W P, de Lima-Neto Pedro, Correia Adriana N, Morais Simone
REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, 1639, Cidade Universitária, Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, Brazil.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jul 11;12(14):2368. doi: 10.3390/nano12142368.
The interaction of carbon-based nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs) has been thoroughly exploited for diverse electroanalytical solutions since the first report in 2003. This combination, either through covalent or non-covalent functionalization, takes advantage of the unique characteristics inherent to each material, resulting in synergistic effects that are conferred to the electrochemical (bio)sensing system. From one side, carbon nanomaterials offer miniaturization capacity with enhanced electron transfer rates at a reduced cost, whereas from the other side, ILs contribute as ecological dispersing media for the nanostructures, improving conductivity and biocompatibility. The present review focuses on the use of this interesting type of nanocomposites for the development of (bio)sensors specifically for pharmaceutical detection, with emphasis on the analytical (bio)sensing features. The literature search displayed the conjugation of more than 20 different ILs and several carbon nanomaterials (MWCNT, SWCNT, graphene, carbon nanofibers, fullerene, and carbon quantum dots, among others) that were applied for a large set (about 60) of pharmaceutical compounds. This great variability causes a straightforward comparison between sensors to be a challenging task. Undoubtedly, electrochemical sensors based on the conjugation of carbon nanomaterials with ILs can potentially be established as sustainable analytical tools and viable alternatives to more traditional methods, especially concerning in situ environmental analysis.
自2003年首次报道以来，碳基纳米材料与离子液体（ILs）的相互作用已被充分用于各种电分析解决方案。这种组合，无论是通过共价还是非共价功能化，都利用了每种材料固有的独特特性，从而产生赋予电化学（生物）传感系统的协同效应。一方面，碳纳米材料以降低的成本提供了具有增强电子转移速率的小型化能力，而另一方面，离子液体作为纳米结构的生态分散介质，提高了导电性和生物相容性。本综述重点关注这种有趣的纳米复合材料在开发专门用于药物检测的（生物）传感器方面的应用，重点是分析（生物）传感特性。文献检索显示了20多种不同离子液体与几种碳纳米材料（多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纳米纤维、富勒烯和碳量子点等）的共轭，这些材料被应用于大量（约60种）药物化合物。这种巨大的变异性使得传感器之间的直接比较成为一项具有挑战性的任务。毫无疑问，基于碳纳米材料与离子液体共轭的电化学传感器有可能被确立为可持续的分析工具，以及更传统方法的可行替代方案，特别是在原位环境分析方面。
