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缓解土壤因素对植物生产中氮效率限制的肥料及施肥策略

Fertilizers and Fertilization Strategies Mitigating Soil Factors Constraining Efficiency of Nitrogen in Plant Production.

作者信息

Barłóg Przemysław, Grzebisz Witold, Łukowiak Remigiusz

机构信息

Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71F, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 15;11(14):1855. doi: 10.3390/plants11141855.

DOI:10.3390/plants11141855
PMID:35890489
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9319167/
Abstract

Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE) is a measure of the potential of an applied fertilizer to increase its impact on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen (N) present in the soil/plant system. The productivity of N depends on the supply of those nutrients in a well-defined stage of yield formation that are decisive for its uptake and utilization. Traditionally, plant nutritional status is evaluated by using chemical methods. However, nowadays, to correct fertilizer doses, the absorption and reflection of solar radiation is used. Fertilization efficiency can be increased not only by adjusting the fertilizer dose to the plant's requirements, but also by removing all of the soil factors that constrain nutrient uptake and their transport from soil to root surface. Among them, soil compaction and pH are relatively easy to correct. The goal of new the formulas of N fertilizers is to increase the availability of N by synchronization of its release with the plant demand. The aim of non-nitrogenous fertilizers is to increase the availability of nutrients that control the effectiveness of N present in the soil/plant system. A wide range of actions is required to reduce the amount of N which can pollute ecosystems adjacent to fields.

摘要

肥料利用效率（FUE）是衡量施用肥料增加其对土壤/植物系统中氮（N）吸收和利用影响潜力的指标。氮的生产力取决于在产量形成的明确阶段供应那些对其吸收和利用起决定性作用的养分。传统上，通过化学方法评估植物营养状况。然而，如今，为了校正肥料用量，利用了太阳辐射的吸收和反射。提高施肥效率不仅可以通过根据植物需求调整肥料用量，还可以通过消除所有限制养分吸收及其从土壤到根表面运输的土壤因素来实现。其中，土壤压实和pH值相对容易校正。新型氮肥配方的目标是通过使其释放与植物需求同步来提高氮的有效性。非氮肥的目的是增加控制土壤/植物系统中氮有效性的养分的有效性。需要采取广泛的行动来减少可能污染农田附近生态系统的氮量。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/5654d86c750f/plants-11-01855-g013.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/093a6f922bb9/plants-11-01855-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/e362a47b5fe1/plants-11-01855-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/6c8ea616c318/plants-11-01855-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/6c50898037d7/plants-11-01855-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/b5f858c4e336/plants-11-01855-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/00963c393884/plants-11-01855-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/a1af67cdc256/plants-11-01855-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/5654d86c750f/plants-11-01855-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/8c233a4c5fc4/plants-11-01855-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/72db60f5b40f/plants-11-01855-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/0dce087a1cf0/plants-11-01855-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/f271c5b88ba0/plants-11-01855-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/a91438cce829/plants-11-01855-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/093a6f922bb9/plants-11-01855-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/e362a47b5fe1/plants-11-01855-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/6c8ea616c318/plants-11-01855-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/6c50898037d7/plants-11-01855-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/b5f858c4e336/plants-11-01855-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/00963c393884/plants-11-01855-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/a1af67cdc256/plants-11-01855-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fc9e/9319167/5654d86c750f/plants-11-01855-g013.jpg

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