Cassim Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen, Besen Marcos Renan, Kachinski Wagner Deckij, Macon Celso Rafael, de Almeida Junior João Henrique Vieira, Sakurada Rodrigo, Inoue Tadeu Takeyoshi, Batista Marcelo Augusto
Department of Agronomy, Maringá State University, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Zone 07, Maringá 87020900, Brazil.
Cocamar Cooperativa Agroindustrial, Street Osvaldo de Moraes Corrêa, 1000, Maringá 87065590, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 21;11(14):1890. doi: 10.3390/plants11141890.
Improvements in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in corn production systems are necessary, to decrease the economic and environmental losses caused by loss of ammonia volatilization (NH-N). The objective was to study different nitrogen (N) fertilizer technologies through characterization of N sources, NH-N volatilization losses, and their effects on the nutrient concentration and yield of corn grown in clayey and sandy soils in south Brazil. The treatments consisted of a control without N application as a topdressing, three conventional N sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate), and three enhanced-efficiency fertilizers [urea treated with NBPT + Duromide, urea formaldehyde, and polymer-coated urea (PCU) + urea treated with NBPT and nitrification inhibitor (NI)]. The losses by NH-N volatilization were up to 46% of the N applied with urea. However, NI addition to urea increased the N losses by NH-N volatilization by 8.8 and 23.3%, in relation to urea alone for clayey and sandy soils, respectively. Clayey soil was 38.4% more responsive than sandy soil to N fertilization. Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate + calcium sulfate showed the best results, because it increased the corn yield in clayey soil and contributed to reductions in NH-N emissions of 84 and 80% in relation to urea, respectively.
提高玉米生产系统中的氮素利用效率（NUE）很有必要，以减少氨挥发（NH-N）损失造成的经济和环境损失。目的是通过表征氮源、NH-N挥发损失及其对巴西南部黏土和沙质土壤中种植玉米的养分浓度和产量的影响，研究不同的氮肥技术。处理包括不施氮肥作为追肥的对照、三种传统氮源（尿素、硫酸铵和硝酸铵+硫酸钙）以及三种增效肥料[用NBPT+杜罗米德处理的尿素、脲甲醛和聚合物包膜尿素（PCU）+用NBPT和硝化抑制剂（NI）处理的尿素]。NH-N挥发损失高达施入尿素中氮的46%。然而，与单独施用尿素相比，在尿素中添加NI分别使黏土和沙质土壤中NH-N挥发造成的氮损失增加了8.8%和23.3%。黏土土壤对氮肥的响应比沙质土壤高38.4%。硫酸铵和硝酸铵+硫酸钙表现出最好的效果，因为它们提高了黏土土壤中的玉米产量，与尿素相比，分别使NH-N排放量减少了84%和80%。
