Huang Guoxin, Wang Jie, Liu Kaizhen, Wang Fengen, Zheng Nan, Zhao Shengguo, Qu Xueyin, Yu Jing, Zhang Yangdong, Wang Jiaqi
Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 26;12(15):1898. doi: 10.3390/ani12151898.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of whole flaxseed and ground flaxseed supplementation on the composition of fatty acids in plasma and milk, particularly the content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Thirty Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Cows were fed a total mixed ration without flaxseed (CK), 1500 g of whole flaxseed (WF), and 1500 g of ground flaxseed (GF) supplementation. There were no differences observed in dry matter intake, milk yield, energy-corrected milk, and 4% fat-corrected milk (p > 0.05). Compared with the CK group, the contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosatrienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid increased in the plasma and milk WF and GF groups, and the content of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFA was higher in GF than the other groups (p < 0.001). The ALA yield increased to 232% and 360% in WF and GF, respectively, compared to the CK group. Compared with the WF group, GF supplementation resulted in an increased milk ALA/ALA intake ratio (p < 0.001). Flaxseed supplementation increased the activity of GSH-Px and decreased the concentration of MDA in milk (p < 0.001). Plasma parameters did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). This result indicated that compared with the WF group, GF supplementation in the diet showed higher efficiency in increasing the total n-3 PUFA levels and the milk ALA/ALA intake ratio, and decreased the ratio of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs in milk.
本研究的目的是确定补充全亚麻籽和磨碎亚麻籽对血浆和牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响，特别是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）的含量。30头荷斯坦奶牛被随机分为三个处理组。奶牛分别饲喂不添加亚麻籽的全混合日粮（CK）、1500克全亚麻籽（WF）和1500克磨碎亚麻籽（GF）。在干物质摄入量、产奶量、能量校正乳和4%脂肪校正乳方面未观察到差异（p>0.05）。与CK组相比，血浆和牛奶WF组及GF组中α-亚麻酸（ALA）、二十碳三烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的含量增加，且GF组中二十二碳六烯酸和总n-3 PUFA的含量高于其他组（p<0.001）。与CK组相比，WF组和GF组的ALA产量分别提高到232%和360%。与WF组相比，补充GF导致牛奶中ALA/ALA摄入量比值增加（p<0.001）。补充亚麻籽可提高牛奶中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性并降低丙二醛（MDA）的浓度（p<0.001）。各处理组间的血浆参数无差异（p>0.05）。该结果表明，与WF组相比，日粮中补充GF在提高总n-3 PUFA水平和牛奶ALA/ALA摄入量比值方面表现出更高的效率，并降低了牛奶中n-6 PUFAs与n-3 PUFAs的比值。
