Dumitriu Gabur Georgiana-Diana, Gabur Iulian, Cucolea Elena Iulia, Costache Teodor, Rambu Dan, Cotea Valeriu V, Teodosiu Carmen
Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
Faculty of Horticulture, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania.
Foods. 2022 Jul 26;11(15):2225. doi: 10.3390/foods11152225.
The food and environmental safety debate extends to the use of pesticides in agriculture including the wine sector, which is one of the most intensive pesticide users across the agricultural sector. Pesticide utilisation is a common agricultural practice to protect fruits and plants from pathogens and insects while maintaining high production levels. Grapevine is generally a crop that is subject to intensive phytosanitary treatments, and therefore, it can be assumed that pesticide residues will accumulate in the vine-shoots and, later on, end up in the grapes and wines. The aim of this study was to determine the pesticide content in red, rosé, and white wines after phytosanitary treatments applied in the vineyard and their impact on long-term dietary risks. The following six pesticides were analysed: oxathiapiprolin, myclobutanil, iprovalicarb, tebuconazole, chlorantraniliprole, and acetamiprid. Samples were extracted using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and analysed for the residues of pesticides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results indicated that the observed pesticides in the wine samples ranged between 0.05 and 0.75 ng/g. Dietary risks due to pesticide residues for women and men were evaluated using the estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) of wines. The HQs and HIs did not surpass the 1 value (HQ, HI < 1) for both women and men, denoting that the concentrations of pesticide residues in these wine samples do not pose any immediate risk to consumers. Moreover, a pesticide residue intake model (PRIMo) model analysis was conducted, and the results suggest that European adult consumers have a low pesticide residue intake due to moderate wine consumption. However, pesticide residue intakes have been associated with several human health problems and high toxicity levels, therefore reliable analytical methods to monitor their presence in horticultural crops is crucial for clean and safe food products and healthy consumers.
食品与环境安全的争论延伸到农业领域农药的使用，包括葡萄酒行业，而葡萄酒行业是整个农业领域中农药使用最密集的行业之一。使用农药是一种常见的农业做法，目的是在保持高产水平的同时，保护水果和植物免受病原体和昆虫侵害。葡萄通常是一种需要密集植物检疫处理的作物，因此，可以推测农药残留会在葡萄嫩枝中积累，随后最终进入葡萄和葡萄酒中。本研究的目的是确定葡萄园进行植物检疫处理后红葡萄酒、桃红葡萄酒和白葡萄酒中的农药含量及其对长期饮食风险的影响。分析了以下六种农药：恶唑菌酰胺、腈菌唑、霜脲氰、戊唑醇、氯虫苯甲酰胺和啶虫脒。样品采用QuEChERS（快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用且安全）方法进行提取，并通过液相色谱-串联质谱法分析农药残留。结果表明，葡萄酒样品中观察到的农药含量在0.05至0.75纳克/克之间。通过葡萄酒的估计每日摄入量（EDI）、危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）评估了男女因农药残留导致的饮食风险。男女的HQs和HIs均未超过1值（HQ，HI < 1），这表明这些葡萄酒样品中的农药残留浓度不会对消费者构成任何直接风险。此外，进行了农药残留摄入模型（PRIMo）模型分析，结果表明欧洲成年消费者因适度饮用葡萄酒而农药残留摄入量较低。然而，农药残留摄入与若干人类健康问题和高毒性水平相关，因此，监测园艺作物中农药残留的可靠分析方法对于清洁安全的食品和健康的消费者至关重要。
