Roacho-Pérez Jorge A, Garza-Treviño Elsa N, Moncada-Saucedo Nidia K, Carriquiry-Chequer Pablo A, Valencia-Gómez Laura E, Matthews Elizabeth Renee, Gómez-Flores Víctor, Simental-Mendía Mario, Delgado-Gonzalez Paulina, Delgado-Gallegos Juan Luis, Padilla-Rivas Gerardo R, Islas Jose Francisco
Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
Servicio de Hematología, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
Life (Basel). 2022 Jul 25;12(8):1117. doi: 10.3390/life12081117.
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Current treatments directed at heart repair have several disadvantages, such as a lack of donors for heart transplantation or non-bioactive inert materials for replacing damaged tissue. Because of the natural lack of regeneration of cardiomyocytes, new treatment strategies involve stimulating heart tissue regeneration. The basic three elements of cardiac tissue engineering (cells, growth factors, and scaffolds) are described in this review, with a highlight on the role of artificial scaffolds. Scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering are tridimensional porous structures that imitate the extracellular heart matrix, with the ability to promote cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. In the heart, there is an important requirement to provide scaffold cellular attachment, but scaffolds also need to permit mechanical contractility and electrical conductivity. For researchers working in cardiac tissue engineering, there is an important need to choose an adequate artificial scaffold biofabrication technique, as well as the ideal biocompatible biodegradable biomaterial for scaffold construction. Finally, there are many suitable options for researchers to obtain scaffolds that promote cell-electrical interactions and tissue repair, reaching the goal of cardiac tissue engineering.
心血管疾病是全球主要的死亡原因。目前针对心脏修复的治疗方法存在几个缺点，比如心脏移植缺乏供体，或者用于替换受损组织的无生物活性的惰性材料。由于心肌细胞自然缺乏再生能力，新的治疗策略涉及刺激心脏组织再生。本文综述了心脏组织工程的三个基本要素（细胞、生长因子和支架），重点介绍了人工支架的作用。用于心脏组织工程的支架是模仿细胞外心脏基质的三维多孔结构，具有促进细胞黏附、迁移、分化和增殖的能力。在心脏中，提供支架细胞附着有一个重要要求，但支架还需要具备机械收缩性和导电性。对于从事心脏组织工程研究的人员来说，重要的是要选择合适的人工支架生物制造技术，以及用于支架构建的理想生物相容性可生物降解生物材料。最后，有许多合适的选择可供研究人员获得能够促进细胞-电相互作用和组织修复的支架，从而实现心脏组织工程的目标。
