Batool Syeda Ammara, Ahmad Khalil, Irfan Muhammad, Ur Rehman Muhammad Atiq
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
J Funct Biomater. 2022 Jul 16;13(3):97. doi: 10.3390/jfb13030097.
In recent years, natural polymers have replaced synthetic polymers for antibacterial orthopedic applications owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Zein is a biopolymer found in corn. The lacking mechanical stability of zein is overcome by incorporating bioceramics, e.g., mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs). In the present study, pure zein and zein/Zn-Mn MBGN composite coatings were deposited via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on 316L stainless steel (SS). Zn and Mn were co-doped in MBGNs in order to make use of their antibacterial and osteogenic potential, respectively. A Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) study was established to evaluate the effect of various working parameters on the morphology of the coatings. It was observed that coatings deposited at 20 V for 5 min with 4 g/L concentration (conc.) of Zn-Mn MBGNs showed the highest deposition yield. Uniform coatings with highly dispersed MBGNs were obtained adopting these optimized parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of zein/Zn-Mn MBGN composite coatings. Surface properties, i.e., coating roughness and wettability analysis, concluded that composite coatings were appropriate for cell attachment and proliferation. For adhesion strength, various techniques, including a tape test, bend test, pencil hardness test, and tensile test, were performed. Wear and corrosion analysis highlighted the mechanical and chemical stability of the coatings. The colony forming unit (CFU) test showed that the zein/Zn-Mn MBGN composite coating was highly effective against () and () due to the presence of Zn. The formation of a hydroxyapatite (HA)-like structure upon immersion in the simulated body fluid (SBF) validated the in vitro bioactivity of the coating. Moreover, a WST-8 assay depicted that the MG-63 cells proliferate on the composite coating. It was concluded that the zein/Zn-Mn MBGN coating synthesized in this work can be used for bioactive and antibacterial orthopedic applications.
近年来，天然聚合物因其优异的生物相容性和生物降解性，已在抗菌骨科应用中取代了合成聚合物。玉米醇溶蛋白是一种存在于玉米中的生物聚合物。通过掺入生物陶瓷，如介孔生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒（MBGNs），克服了玉米醇溶蛋白缺乏机械稳定性的问题。在本研究中，通过电泳沉积（EPD）将纯玉米醇溶蛋白和玉米醇溶蛋白/锌 - 锰MBGN复合涂层沉积在316L不锈钢（SS）上。锌和锰分别共掺杂在MBGNs中，以发挥它们的抗菌和成骨潜力。建立了田口实验设计（DoE）研究，以评估各种工作参数对涂层形貌的影响。观察到，在4 g/L浓度（conc.）的锌 - 锰MBGNs下，于20 V沉积5分钟得到的涂层具有最高的沉积产率。采用这些优化参数获得了具有高度分散的MBGNs的均匀涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散光谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究了玉米醇溶蛋白/锌 - 锰MBGN复合涂层的形貌和元素组成。表面性能，即涂层粗糙度和润湿性分析表明，复合涂层适合细胞附着和增殖。对于附着力，进行了各种测试技术，包括胶带测试、弯曲测试、铅笔硬度测试和拉伸测试。磨损和腐蚀分析突出了涂层的机械和化学稳定性。菌落形成单位（CFU）测试表明，由于锌的存在，玉米醇溶蛋白/锌 - 锰MBGN复合涂层对（）和（）具有高效抗菌性。浸入模拟体液（SBF）后形成类羟基磷灰石（HA）结构验证了涂层的体外生物活性。此外，WST - 8测定表明MG - 63细胞在复合涂层上增殖。得出的结论是，本工作中合成的玉米醇溶蛋白/锌 - 锰MBGN涂层可用于生物活性和抗菌骨科应用。
