Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 14;14:1154211. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154211. eCollection 2023.
Breast milk is an essential source of nutrition and hydration for the infant. In addition, this highly complex biological fluid contains numerous immunologically active factors such as microorganisms, immunoglobulins, cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we set out to predict the function of the top 10 expressed miRNAs in human breast milk, focusing on their relevance in oral tolerance development and allergy prevention in the infant. The top expressed miRNAs in human breast milk were identified on basis of previous peer-reviewed studies gathered from a recent systematic review and an updated literature search. The miRNAs with the highest expression levels in each study were used to identify the 10 most common miRNAs or miRNA families across studies and these were selected for subsequent target prediction. The predictions were performed using TargetScan in combination with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The ten top expressed miRNAs were: let-7-5p family, miR-148a-3p, miR-30-5p family, miR-200a-3p + miR-141-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-181-5p family, miR-146b-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-29-3p family, miR-200b/c-3p and miR-429-3p. The target prediction identified 3,588 potential target genes and 127 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways; several connected to the immune system, including TGF-b and T cell receptor signaling and T-helper cell differentiation. This review highlights the role of breast milk miRNAs and their potential contribution to infant immune maturation. Indeed, breast milk miRNAs seem to be involved in several pathways that influence oral tolerance development.
母乳是婴儿营养和水分的重要来源。此外，这种高度复杂的生物流体含有许多免疫活性因子，如微生物、免疫球蛋白、细胞因子和 microRNAs（miRNAs）。在这里，我们旨在预测人乳中表达最高的前 10 个 miRNAs 的功能，重点关注它们在婴儿口腔耐受发展和过敏预防中的相关性。人乳中表达最高的 miRNAs 是根据最近的系统评价和更新的文献搜索中汇集的先前同行评审研究确定的。在每项研究中，使用表达水平最高的 miRNAs 来确定研究间最常见的 miRNAs 或 miRNA 家族，并选择这些 miRNA 进行后续的靶基因预测。使用 TargetScan 结合 Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 进行预测。前 10 个表达最高的 miRNAs 是：let-7-5p 家族、miR-148a-3p、miR-30-5p 家族、miR-200a-3p + miR-141-3p、miR-22-3p、miR-181-5p 家族、miR-146b-5p、miR-378a-3p、miR-29-3p 家族、miR-200b/c-3p 和 miR-429-3p。靶基因预测确定了 3588 个潜在的靶基因和 127 个京都基因与基因组百科全书途径；其中一些与免疫系统有关，包括 TGF-b 和 T 细胞受体信号转导以及 T 辅助细胞分化。本综述强调了母乳 miRNAs 的作用及其对婴儿免疫成熟的潜在贡献。事实上，母乳 miRNAs 似乎参与了影响口腔耐受发展的几个途径。
