Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Jul 8;17(8):1242-1256. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543. Print 2022 Aug 1.
To investigate differences in athletes' knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification.
Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed.
During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (∼50%) than other sports (∼35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: ∼38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%-49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained ≥5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%-28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training ≥60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%).
Changes in athletes' training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events.
调查与运动分类和性别有关的 COVID-19 封锁期间运动员知识、信念和训练实践的差异。这项工作扩展了最初侧重于运动员分类的描述性评估。
运动员（12526 名；66%为男性；来自 142 个国家）完成了一项在线调查（2020 年 5 月至 7 月），评估了他们对训练的知识、信念和实践。运动分为团体运动（45%）、耐力（20%）、力量/技术（10%）、格斗（9%）、水上运动（6%）、娱乐（4%）、球拍（3%）、精准（2%）、残奥运动（1%）和其他运动（1%）。进一步按性别进行了分析。
在封锁期间，运动员经常进行基于体重的练习（女性 67%，男性 64%），范围从 50%（精准）到 78%（残奥运动）。在格斗、残奥运动和精准运动中，更多的专项技术技能得到了练习（约 50%），而其他运动中则约为 35%。大多数运动员（范围：50%[残奥运动]至 75%[耐力]）进行心肺训练（性别差异很小）。与封锁前相比，运动强度降低了 29%至 41%，具体取决于运动类型（团队运动降幅最大，约为 38%，不受性别影响）。一些运动员（范围：7%-49%）保持了他们的力量、耐力、速度、爆发力、变向和技术训练的训练强度。以前每周训练 5 次以上的运动员在封锁期间减少了训练量（范围：18%-28%）。每周训练 60 分钟/节以上的运动员比例（81%）在封锁期间减少了 31%至 43%。男性和女性的训练知识（56%对 58%）和信念/态度（54%对 56%）处于中等水平。
运动员训练实践的变化因运动类型而异，几乎没有或没有性别差异。团体运动比个人运动更容易受到影响。政策制定者应向运动员提供特定的训练安排和教育资源，以方便在封锁等事件期间进行远程和/或家庭训练。
