Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
Psychol Sci. 2022 Sep;33(9):1347-1371. doi: 10.1177/09567976221084257. Epub 2022 Jul 27.
Using more than 7.1 million implicit and explicit attitude tests drawn from U.S. participants to the Project Implicit website, we examined long-term trends across 14 years (2007-2020). Despite tumultuous sociopolitical events, trends from 2017 to 2020 persisted largely as forecasted from past data (2007-2016). Since 2007, all explicit attitudes decreased in bias between 22% (age attitudes) and 98% (race attitudes). Implicit sexuality, race, and skin-tone attitudes also continued to decrease in bias, by 65%, 26%, and 25%, respectively. Implicit age, disability, and body-weight attitudes, however, continued to show little to no long-term change. Patterns of change and stability were generally consistent across demographic groups (e.g., men and women), indicating widespread, macrolevel change. Ultimately, the data magnify evidence that (some) implicit attitudes reveal persistent, long-term change toward neutrality. The data also newly reveal the potential for short-term influence from sociopolitical events that temporarily disrupt progress toward neutrality, although attitudes eventually return to long-term homeostasis in trends.
利用来自美国参与者的超过 710 万个内隐和外显态度测试，我们考察了 14 年（2007-2020 年）的长期趋势。尽管社会政治事件动荡不安，但 2017 年至 2020 年的趋势基本上与过去数据（2007-2016 年）的预测一致。自 2007 年以来，所有外显态度的偏见都减少了 22%（年龄态度）到 98%（种族态度）。内隐的性取向、种族和肤色态度的偏见也分别持续减少了 65%、26%和 25%。然而，内隐的年龄、残疾和体重态度几乎没有显示出长期变化。变化和稳定的模式在人口统计学群体（如男性和女性）中基本一致，表明存在广泛的宏观层面变化。最终，数据放大了证据，即（某些）内隐态度显示出对中立的持续、长期变化。数据还新揭示了社会政治事件短期影响的潜力，这些事件暂时破坏了向中立性的进展，尽管态度最终在趋势中回归长期的自我平衡。
