Penney D P, Philpott D E, Rosenkrans W A, Cooper R A
Scanning Microsc. 1987 Mar;1(1):283-9.
Major sources of concern for manned space travel are the effects of high energy particle (HZE) radiation on various biological systems, and the consequences of major solar activity. To date, considerable attention has been directed toward HZE-induced alterations both on non-dividing systems, such as the retina, cornea and brain, and on dividing systems, such as the gut and testis. This paper is focused on the morphologically detectable late-occurring alterations in the distal lung, and toward a comparison of the changes with those induced by x-irradiation. Briefly, the salient alterations involve an increase in the width of the septal walls and the capillary and alveolar basal laminae, and the irregularity of the luminal surface of the capillaries, as exemplified by the presence of filipodial projections and blebbing. All alterations were focal in their localization, and no cells of any type (e.g., epithelial, endothelial or stromal) appeared to undergo damage, an observation quite unlike the cellular changes induced by x-irradiation.
载人航天的主要关注点是高能粒子（HZE）辐射对各种生物系统的影响以及主要太阳活动的后果。迄今为止，相当多的注意力已指向HZE诱导的非分裂系统（如视网膜、角膜和大脑）以及分裂系统（如肠道和睾丸）的改变。本文重点关注远端肺中形态学上可检测到的后期发生的改变，并将这些变化与X射线照射诱导的变化进行比较。简而言之，显著的改变包括间隔壁、毛细血管和肺泡基底膜宽度增加，以及毛细血管腔表面不规则，如丝状伪足突起和泡状形成。所有改变在定位上都是局灶性的，没有任何类型的细胞（如上皮细胞、内皮细胞或基质细胞）似乎受到损伤，这一观察结果与X射线照射诱导的细胞变化截然不同。
