UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK.
School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Oct 1;30(5):922-928. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz153.
In this review article, we detail a small but growing literature in the field of health geography that uses longitudinal data to determine a life course component to the neighbourhood effects thesis. For too long, there has been reliance on cross-sectional data to test the hypothesis that where you live has an effect on your health and well-being over and above your individual circumstances.
We identified 53 articles that demonstrate how neighbourhood deprivation measured at least 15 years prior affects health and well-being later in life using the databases Scopus and Web of Science.
We find a bias towards US studies, the most common being the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Definition of neighbourhood and operationalization of neighbourhood deprivation across most of the included articles relied on data availability rather than a priori hypothesis.
To further progress neighbourhood effects research, we suggest that more data linkage to longitudinal datasets is required beyond the narrow list identified in this review. The limited literature published to date suggests an accumulation of exposure to neighbourhood deprivation over the life course is damaging to later life health, which indicates improving neighbourhoods as early in life as possible would have the greatest public health improvement.
在这篇综述文章中，我们详细介绍了健康地理学领域一个虽小但不断发展的文献，该领域利用纵向数据来确定邻里效应假说的生命历程组成部分。长期以来，人们一直依赖横断面数据来检验这样一个假设，即你居住的地方除了你的个人情况之外，还会对你的健康和幸福产生影响。
我们确定了 53 篇文章，这些文章利用 Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库，展示了至少在 15 年前测量的邻里贫困状况如何影响晚年的健康和幸福感。
我们发现研究存在偏向于美国的倾向，其中最常见的是收入动态面板研究。大多数文章中邻里的定义和邻里贫困的操作化都依赖于数据的可用性，而不是先验假设。
为了进一步推进邻里效应研究，我们建议除了本综述中确定的狭义清单外，还需要更多的数据与纵向数据集进行链接。迄今为止，发表的有限文献表明，一生中积累的邻里贫困暴露对晚年健康有害，这表明尽可能在生命早期改善邻里环境将对公共健康产生最大的改善。
