Jablonski Erica S, Phillips Kimberly G, Henly Megan
University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America.
J Vocat Rehabil. 2024;61(2):235-252. doi: 10.3233/jvr-240034.
Employment barriers experienced by people with disabilities are well-documented by researchers. A closer look at the nature of these barriers at different stages of the job acquisition process may help to understand and address current challenges.
To understand how employment barriers differ for job seekers with and without disabilities; the impact of disability type; and are job acquisition barriers most salient, when looking for, applying to, or accepting a position.
3,021 working-age adults (including 1,491 adults with disabilities) from a Qualtrics opt-in panel completed an online survey about employment status, job search barriers, and demographic factors (including disability). Logistic regression predicted odds of experiencing a job search barrier based on disability and other sociodemographic factors.
Most job seekers reported barriers to employment, with disability being the strongest predictor. While the types of barriers experienced at all stages of the job search were similar for people with and without disabilities, people with disabilities experienced barriers significantly more often.
Employment barriers among people with and without disabilities are similar in nature but vary by degree. Improvements in transportation and better alignment between education, training, and the job market may benefit all job seekers.
研究人员已充分记录了残疾人所面临的就业障碍。深入了解求职过程不同阶段这些障碍的性质，可能有助于理解和应对当前的挑战。
了解残疾求职者和非残疾求职者的就业障碍有何不同；残疾类型的影响；以及在寻找、申请或接受职位时，求职障碍在哪个阶段最为突出。
来自Qualtrics选择加入面板的3021名工作年龄成年人（包括1491名残疾成年人）完成了一项关于就业状况、求职障碍和人口统计学因素（包括残疾情况）的在线调查。逻辑回归根据残疾情况和其他社会人口统计学因素预测经历求职障碍的几率。
大多数求职者报告了就业障碍，残疾是最强的预测因素。虽然残疾求职者和非残疾求职者在求职各阶段遇到的障碍类型相似，但残疾求职者遇到障碍的频率明显更高。
残疾人和非残疾人的就业障碍本质相似，但程度不同。改善交通以及使教育、培训与就业市场更好地协调一致，可能会使所有求职者受益。
