Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, No. 7, Lane 622, Huaihaizhong Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200020, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 27;19(15):9149. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159149.
Due to the progress in global warming, the frequency, duration and intensity of climate extremes are increasing. As one of these extremes, heat waves influence the well-being of human beings and increase societies' energy consumption. The Water-Cooling Island (WCI) effect of urban water bodies (UWBs) is important in urban heat wave mitigation. In this paper, the impact of WCI, especially the landscape pattern of the surrounding area, was explored. The results indicate that water bodies with a larger total area and simpler shape have a longer cooling effect. In the areas surrounding UWBs, a lower percentage or discrete distribution of impervious surfaces or green land provide a longer cooling effect. The amplitude of WCI is mainly decided by the impervious surface in the surrounding areas. A lower percentage or discrete distribution of impervious surfaces or green land leads to a smaller-amplitude WCI. The gradient is impacted by the shape of the UWB and surrounding green land. A complex shape and discrete distribution of green land lead to a higher gradient of WCI. The linear regress model was significant in terms of WCI range and gradient, while the model of WCI amplitude was not significant. This indicates that WCI is directly decided by impact factors through gradient and range. The conclusions provide a methodology for WCI prediction and optimization, which is important when mitigating summer heat waves.
由于全球变暖的进展，气候极端事件的频率、持续时间和强度都在增加。作为这些极端事件之一，热浪影响着人类的福祉，并增加了社会的能源消耗。城市水体（UWBs）的“水冷岛”（WCI）效应在城市热缓解中很重要。本文探讨了 WCI 的影响，特别是周围地区的景观格局。结果表明，总面积较大且形状简单的水体具有更长的冷却效果。在 UWBs 周围地区，较低比例或离散分布的不透水面或绿地具有更长的冷却效果。WCI 的幅度主要由周围地区的不透水面决定。不透水面或绿地的比例较低或离散分布导致 WCI 幅度较小。梯度受 UWB 的形状和周围绿地的影响。复杂的形状和离散的绿地分布导致 WCI 梯度较高。线性回归模型在 WCI 范围和梯度方面是显著的，而 WCI 幅度的模型则不显著。这表明 WCI 通过梯度和范围直接由影响因素决定。该结论为 WCI 的预测和优化提供了一种方法，这对于缓解夏季热浪非常重要。
