Lange Maximo E, Uwiera Richard R E, Inglis G Douglas
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jul 11;9:937866. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.937866. eCollection 2022.
Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 is responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks, typically associated with the consumption of undercooked foods contaminated with cattle manure containing the bacterium. At present, effective mitigations do not exist. Many of the factors regulating enteric colonization by O157:H7 in cattle, and how cattle respond to the bacterium are unknown. In this regard, intestinal colonization locations, shedding patterns, interactions with the enteric microbiota, and host immune responses to infection are current knowledge gaps. As disturbances to host homeostasis are believed to play an important role in the enteric survival of the bacterium, it is important to consider the potential importance of stress during cattle production. Husbandry logistics, cost, and the high genetic, physiological, and microbial heterogeneity in cattle has greatly hampered the ability of researchers to elucidate key aspects of the host-pathogen-microbiota interaction. Although mice have not been extensively used as a cattle model, the utilization of murine models has the potential to identify mechanisms to facilitate hypothesis formulation and efficacy testing in cattle. Murine models have been effectively used to mechanistically examine colonization of the intestine, host responses to infection, and to interactively ascertain how host physiological status (e.g., due to physiological stress) and the enteric microbiota influences colonization and disease. In addition to reviewing the relevant literature on intestinal colonization and pathogenesis, including existing knowledge gaps, the review provides information on how murine models can be used to elucidate mechanisms toward the development of rationale-based mitigations for O157:H7 in cattle.
肠出血性大肠杆菌（EHEC）O157:H7血清型可引发食源性疾病暴发，通常与食用被含有该细菌的牛粪污染的未煮熟食物有关。目前，尚无有效的缓解措施。许多调节O157:H7在牛肠道内定植的因素，以及牛对该细菌的反应尚不清楚。在这方面，肠道定植位置、排菌模式、与肠道微生物群的相互作用以及宿主对感染的免疫反应是目前的知识空白。由于宿主内环境稳态的紊乱被认为在该细菌的肠道存活中起重要作用，因此在养牛过程中考虑应激的潜在重要性很重要。饲养管理、成本以及牛群中高度的遗传、生理和微生物异质性极大地阻碍了研究人员阐明宿主-病原体-微生物群相互作用关键方面的能力。虽然小鼠尚未被广泛用作牛的模型，但利用小鼠模型有潜力识别促进在牛身上进行假设形成和功效测试的机制。小鼠模型已被有效地用于从机制上研究肠道定植、宿主对感染的反应，并交互式确定宿主生理状态（例如，由于生理应激）和肠道微生物群如何影响定植和疾病。除了回顾有关肠道定植和发病机制的相关文献，包括现有的知识空白外，本综述还提供了关于如何利用小鼠模型阐明开发基于理论的牛O157:H7缓解措施机制的信息。
