Violence Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
Crime and Security Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AE, UK.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2022 Jun 27;44(2):e192-e202. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab095.
Increasing the price of alcohol reduces alcohol consumption and harm. The role of food complementarity, transaction costs and inflation on alcohol demand are determined and discussed in relation to alcohol price policies.
UK Biobank (N = 502,628) was linked by region to retail price quotes for the years 2007 to 2010. The log residual food and alcohol prices, and alcohol availability were regressed onto log daily alcohol consumption. Model standard errors were adjusted for clustering by region.
Associations with alcohol consumption were found for alcohol price (β = -0.56, 95% CI, -0.92 to -0.20) and availability (β = 0.06, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.07). Introducing, food price reduced the alcohol price consumption association (β = -0.26, 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.03). Alcohol (B = 0.001, 95% CI, 0.0004 to 0.001) and food (B = 0.001, 95% CI, 0.0005 to 0.0006) price increased with time and were associated (ρ = 0.57, P < 0.001).
Alcohol and food are complements, and the price elasticity of alcohol reduces when the effect of food price is accounted for. Transaction costs did not affect the alcohol price consumption relationship. Fixed alcohol price policies are susceptible to inflation.
提高酒价可减少酒精消费和危害。本文探讨了食物互补性、交易成本和通胀对酒精需求的影响，并结合酒价政策进行了讨论。
通过地区将 UK Biobank（2007 年至 2010 年）与零售价格数据相关联。对数残差食物和酒精价格以及酒精可得性与每日酒精摄入量进行回归。模型标准误差按地区进行聚类调整。
发现酒精价格（β=-0.56，95%CI，-0.92 至-0.20）和可得性（β=0.06，95%CI，0.04 至 0.07）与酒精摄入量相关。引入食物价格后，酒精价格与酒精消费的相关性降低（β=-0.26，95%CI，-0.50 至-0.03）。酒精（B=0.001，95%CI，0.0004 至 0.001）和食物（B=0.001，95%CI，0.0005 至 0.0006）价格随时间增加且呈正相关（ρ=0.57，P<0.001）。
酒精和食物具有互补性，考虑到食物价格的影响，酒精的价格弹性会降低。交易成本不会影响酒精价格与消费的关系。固定酒价政策易受通胀影响。
