South African Medical Research Council/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision-Making Science, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Johannesburg Society of Advocates, Benmore, South Africa.
Afr J AIDS Res. 2022 Jul;21(2):123-131. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2022.2073897.
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and its impact on countries across the globe has been unprecedented. The lack of pharmaceutical interventions to prevent or treat infection have left States with limited avenues to control the spread of the virus. Many countries have introduced stringent lockdowns along with regulatory regimes that give governments new powers to compel compliance with these regulations and to punish non-compliance. This article investigates the use of compelled public health interventions during both the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics and how these can be aligned to human rights. This includes discussion on the use of interventions such as mandatory quarantine and isolation, compelled testing, criminalisation of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Africa. This article also outlines what State obligations are in relation to pandemic responses, both in terms of mandating an effective response and which human rights principles should underscore these responses.Using South Africa as a case study, this article analyses whether the use of these interventions complies with international human rights law. We assess the use of compelled public health interventions in both the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics against established human rights principles applicable to pandemic responses. This article discusses lessons to be learnt about the relationship between human rights and public health interventions across both pandemics so as to guide human rights-based approaches to future pandemics as well as subsequent stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
SARS-CoV-2 爆发及其对全球各国的影响是前所未有的。缺乏预防或治疗感染的药物干预措施，使得各国控制病毒传播的途径有限。许多国家都实施了严格的封锁措施，并制定了监管制度，赋予政府新的权力，以迫使人们遵守这些规定，并对违规行为进行处罚。本文研究了在 HIV 和 COVID-19 大流行期间使用强制性公共卫生干预措施的情况，以及如何使这些干预措施与人权保持一致。这包括讨论在非洲使用强制性检疫和隔离、强制性检测、将 HIV 和 SARS-CoV-2 传播定为犯罪等干预措施。本文还概述了国家在大流行应对方面的义务，包括授权有效应对以及哪些人权原则应成为这些应对措施的基础。本文以南非为例，分析了在 HIV 和 COVID-19 大流行期间使用这些干预措施是否符合国际人权法。我们根据适用于大流行应对的既定人权原则，评估了在 HIV 和 COVID-19 大流行期间使用强制性公共卫生干预措施的情况。本文讨论了在这两个大流行期间，人权与公共卫生干预措施之间的关系中可以吸取的教训，以便为未来的大流行以及 SARS-CoV-2 大流行的后续阶段提供基于人权的应对方法。
