Dorbek-Kolin Elisabeth, Husso Aleksi, Niku Mikael, Loch Marina, Pessa-Morikawa Tiina, Niine Tarmo, Kaart Tanel, Iivanainen Antti, Orro Toomas
Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, Finland.
Res Vet Sci. 2022 Dec 10;151:116-127. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.008. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
In the present study, relationships between the intestinal microbiota and innate immunity response, acute cryptosporidiosis, and weight gain in female dairy calves were investigated. A total of 112 calves born during a natural outbreak of cryptosporidiosis on one dairy farm was included in the study. Microbiota composition was analysed by means of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing from faecal samples collected during the second week of life, while the status of Cryptosporidium spp. infection was determined using immunofluorescence. Serum samples from the second week of life were colourimetrically analysed for the following markers of acute inflammation: acute-phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Statistical analyses were performed using random forest analysis, variance-partitioning, and negative binomial regression. The faecal microbiota of the two-week old calves was composed of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria (in order of decreasing abundance). Microbial diversity, measured in terms of the Shannon index, increased with the age of the calves and decreased if a high count of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts was found in the faeces. Fusobacterium was positively associated with Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst count and serum amyloid A concentration. Peptostreptococcus was positively associated with haptoglobin and serum amyloid A concentrations, and negatively associated with average daily weight gain at 9 months of age. The markers of innate immunity, in combination with age, explained 6% of the microbial variation. These results suggest that some components of the intestinal microbiota may have a long-lasting negative effect on animal growth through the stimulation of the systemic innate immune response.
在本研究中，调查了雌性奶牛犊肠道微生物群与先天免疫反应、急性隐孢子虫病及体重增加之间的关系。一个奶牛场在隐孢子虫病自然爆发期间出生的112头犊牛被纳入研究。通过对出生后第二周采集的粪便样本进行16S核糖体RNA基因扩增子测序分析微生物群组成，同时使用免疫荧光法确定隐孢子虫属的感染状况。对出生后第二周的血清样本进行比色分析，检测以下急性炎症标志物：急性期蛋白（血清淀粉样蛋白A和触珠蛋白）和促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α）。使用随机森林分析、方差分解和负二项回归进行统计分析。两周龄犊牛的粪便微生物群由厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、梭杆菌门和放线菌门组成（按丰度递减顺序）。以香农指数衡量的微生物多样性随犊牛年龄增长而增加，而如果粪便中发现大量隐孢子虫属卵囊则会降低。梭杆菌与隐孢子虫属卵囊计数和血清淀粉样蛋白A浓度呈正相关。消化链球菌与触珠蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白A浓度呈正相关，与9月龄时的平均日增重呈负相关。先天免疫标志物与年龄相结合，解释了6%的微生物变异。这些结果表明，肠道微生物群的某些成分可能通过刺激全身先天免疫反应对动物生长产生长期负面影响。
