Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
J Water Health. 2022 Jul;20(7):1027-1037. doi: 10.2166/wh.2022.276.
Fecal contamination with a poor water, sanitation and hygiene environment in urban informal settlements poses diarrhea risks. Little information is available on the contamination of environmental media with enteric pathogens in such settlements. We investigated the contamination of Escherichia coli, rotavirus, and Cryptosporidium spp. in water, on kitchenware, and on flies in urban informal settlements of Chawama and Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia. These environmental media were examined by XM-G agar cultivation for E. coli and specific real-time RT-PCR assays to detect rotavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. E. coli; rotavirus, and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in samples of household stored drinking water (6 of 10 samples, 3 of 10 samples, and 2 of 10 samples, respectively), cups (10 of 20 samples, 2 of 13 samples, 1 of 13 samples, respectively), and flies (35 of 55 samples, 5 of 17 samples, 1 of 17 samples, respectively). The ranges of rotavirus concentrations in household stored drinking water, on cups, and flies were 2.9 × 10-2.2 × 10 copies/L, 1.2 × 10-4.3 × 10 copies/cup, and 5.0 × 10-2.0 × 10 copies/fly, respectively. These results indicate the contribution of drinking water and kitchenware to enteric pathogen exposure and potential role of flies in microbial transmission.
城市非正规住区卫生条件差，水和环境卫生条件差，导致粪便污染，存在腹泻风险。关于此类住区环境介质中肠道病原体的污染情况，相关信息很少。我们调查了赞比亚卢萨卡查瓦马和卡尼亚马的城市非正规住区水中、厨具上和苍蝇中大肠杆菌、轮状病毒和隐孢子虫的污染情况。通过 XM-G 琼脂培养法检测 E. coli，通过特定的实时 RT-PCR 检测法检测轮状病毒和隐孢子虫。在家庭储存饮用水（10 份样本中的 6 份，10 份样本中的 3 份）、杯子（20 份样本中的 10 份，13 份样本中的 2 份，13 份样本中的 1 份）和苍蝇（55 份样本中的 35 份，17 份样本中的 5 份，17 份样本中的 1 份）中检测到大肠杆菌、轮状病毒和隐孢子虫。家庭储存饮用水、杯子和苍蝇上的轮状病毒浓度范围分别为 2.9×10-2.2×10 拷贝/L、1.2×10-4.3×10 拷贝/杯和 5.0×10-2.0×10 拷贝/只。这些结果表明饮用水和厨具对肠道病原体暴露的贡献以及苍蝇在微生物传播中的潜在作用。
