CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Miramon Pasealekua, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain.
Fundación Idonial, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gijón, Avda Jardín Botánico 1345, Gijón, 33203, Spain.
Macromol Rapid Commun. 2022 Nov;43(21):e2200449. doi: 10.1002/marc.202200449. Epub 2022 Aug 4.
3D printing technology offers a vast range of applications for tissue engineering applications. Over the past decade a vast range of new equipment has been developed; while, 3D printable biomaterials, especially hydrogels, are investigated to fit the printability requirements. The current candidates for bioprinting often require post-printing cross-linking to maintain their shape. On the other hand, dynamic hydrogels are considered as the most promising candidate for this application with their extrudability and self-healing properties. However, it proves to be very difficult to match the required rheological in a simple material. Here, this study presents for the first time the simplest formulation of a dynamic hydrogel based on thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid formulated with gold ions that fulfill all the requirements to be printed without the use of external stimuli, as judged by the rheological studies. The printability is also demonstrated with a 3D printer allowing for the printing of the dynamic hydrogel as it is, achieving 3D construct with a relatively good precision and up to 24 layers, corresponding to 10 mm high. This material is the simplest 3D printable hydrogel and its mixture with cells and biological compounds is expected to open a new era in 3D bioprinting.
3D 打印技术为组织工程应用提供了广泛的应用。在过去的十年中，开发了大量的新型设备；同时，人们研究了可 3D 打印的生物材料，特别是水凝胶，以满足可打印性要求。目前用于生物打印的候选材料通常需要在打印后交联来保持其形状。另一方面，动态水凝胶因其可挤出性和自修复特性被认为是该应用的最有前途的候选材料。然而，在简单的材料中很难匹配所需的流变性能。在这项研究中，首次提出了基于巯基功能化透明质酸的最简单的动态水凝胶配方，该配方与金离子结合，通过流变学研究证明其具有可打印性，无需使用外部刺激。通过允许直接打印动态水凝胶的 3D 打印机也证明了其可打印性，可实现具有相对较好精度的 3D 结构，最高可达 24 层，相当于 10 毫米高。这种材料是最简单的 3D 可打印水凝胶，其与细胞和生物化合物的混合物有望开创 3D 生物打印的新时代。
