Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.
College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2023 Oct;15(5):1151-1168. doi: 10.1007/s12602-022-09971-z. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
Aquaculture is a promising food sector to fulfil nutritional requirements of growing human population. Live weight aquaculture production reached up to 114.5 million tonnes in 2018 and it is further expected to grow by 32% by year 2030. Among total aquaculture production, major product harvested is finfish and its contribution has reached 46% in recent years. Frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases create obstacle in finfish production, result in economic losses to the farmers and threaten the sustainability of aquaculture industry itself. In spite of following the best management practices, the use of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics and phytochemicals often become the method of choice in finfish culture. Among these, phytochemicals have shown lesser effect in animal welfare while antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics have led to negative consequences like emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and accumulation of residues in host and culture system, resulting in quality degradation of aqua products. Making use of probiotics as viable alternative has paved a way for sustainable aquaculture and minimise the use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics that pose adverse effect on host and culture system. This review paper elucidates the knowledge about antibiotics and other chemicals, compilation of probiotics and their effects on health status of finfish as well as overall culture environment. Besides, concoction of probiotics and prebiotics for simultaneous application has also been discussed briefly.
水产养殖是满足不断增长的人口营养需求的有前途的食品部门。2018 年，活体水产养殖产量达到 1.145 亿吨，预计到 2030 年将增长 32%。在水产养殖总产量中，主要收获的产品是鱼类，近年来其贡献已达到 46%。传染性疾病的频繁爆发给鱼类养殖生产造成了障碍，给养殖户带来了经济损失，也威胁到水产养殖行业本身的可持续性。尽管遵循了最佳管理实践，但抗生素、化疗药物和植物化学物质的使用仍然是鱼类养殖的首选方法。在这些方法中，植物化学物质对动物福利的影响较小，而抗生素和其他化疗药物则导致了负面后果，如耐药菌的出现，以及在宿主和养殖系统中残留的积累，导致水产养殖产品质量下降。利用益生菌作为可行的替代品为可持续水产养殖铺平了道路，并最大限度地减少了抗生素和其他对宿主和养殖系统产生不利影响的化疗药物的使用。本文综述了抗生素和其他化学物质、益生菌的组合及其对鱼类健康状况和整体养殖环境的影响。此外，还简要讨论了益生菌和益生元的组合同时应用。
