Botdorf Morgan, Dunstan Jade, Sorcher Leah, Dougherty Lea R, Riggins Tracy
University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology, United States.
University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, United States.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Oct;57:101138. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101138. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with volumetric differences in stress-sensitive neural structures, including the hippocampus, and deficits in episodic memory. Rodent studies provide evidence that memory deficits arise via stress-related structural differences in hippocampal subdivisions; however, human studies have only provided limited evidence to support this notion. We used a sample of 10,695 9-13-year-old participants from two timepoints of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to assess whether socioeconomic disadvantage relates to episodic memory performance through hippocampal volumes. We explored associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, measured via the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), concurrent subregion (anterior, posterior) and subfield volumes (CA1, CA3, CA4/DG, subiculum), and episodic memory, assessed via the NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test at baseline and 2-year follow-up (Time 2). Results showed that higher baseline ADI related to smaller concurrent anterior, CA1, CA4/DG, and subiculum volumes and poorer Time 2 memory performance controlling for baseline memory. Moreover, anterior, CA1, and subiculum volumes mediated the longitudinal association between the ADI and memory. Results suggest that greater socioeconomic disadvantage relates to smaller hippocampal subregion and subfield volumes and less age-related improvement in memory. These findings shed light on the neural mechanisms linking socioeconomic disadvantage and cognitive ability in childhood.
社会经济劣势与应激敏感神经结构（包括海马体）的体积差异以及情景记忆缺陷有关。啮齿动物研究提供了证据，表明记忆缺陷是通过海马体亚区中与应激相关的结构差异产生的；然而，人类研究仅提供了有限的证据来支持这一观点。我们使用了来自青少年大脑与认知发展（ABCD）研究两个时间点的10695名9至13岁参与者的样本，以评估社会经济劣势是否通过海马体体积与情景记忆表现相关。我们探讨了通过区域剥夺指数（ADI）衡量的社会经济劣势、同时期的亚区（前侧、后侧）和子场体积（CA1、CA3、CA4/DG、下托）以及情景记忆之间的关联，情景记忆通过国立卫生研究院工具箱图片序列记忆测试在基线和2年随访（时间2）时进行评估。结果表明，较高的基线ADI与同时期较小的前侧、CA1、CA4/DG和下托体积以及在控制基线记忆的情况下较差的时间2记忆表现相关。此外，前侧、CA1和下托体积介导了ADI与记忆之间的纵向关联。结果表明，更大的社会经济劣势与较小的海马体亚区和子场体积以及与年龄相关的记忆改善较少有关。这些发现揭示了将社会经济劣势与儿童认知能力联系起来的神经机制。
