Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Schizophr Res. 2022 Oct;248:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.07.010. Epub 2022 Jul 27.
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), such as delusions and hallucinations, are regarded to occur along a spectrum and to be present also in non-help-seeking individuals from the general population. However, it remains unclear whether the occurrence of PLEs is a unique risk factor for future PLEs or a symptom of general psychopathology. In this study, we investigated whether PLEs during adolescence predict future PLEs in adulthood. A community-based cohort of 1146 young adolescents (mean age, 14.38 years) were assessed and then reassessed 6 years later (mean age, 20.15 years). Participants reported PLEs experienced in the past year, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct problems. We adjusted the analysis for other forms of psychopathology and sex differences. Participants who reported PLEs in adulthood had higher ratings for all preceding and co-occurring symptoms of psychopathology. In the adjusted logistic regression model, having PLEs and, to a smaller degree, anxiety during adolescence predicted PLEs in early adulthood. The association between baseline and future PLEs did not differ between males and females, although females were more likely to report PLEs during adolescence. Participants with persistent PLEs reported more hallucinations during adolescence than those with transient symptoms. Our findings suggest that the early occurrence of PLEs is an important and independent predictor of future PLEs and should be monitored to identify individuals with a high risk of future psychopathology and to enable early interventions.
精神病样体验（PLEs），如妄想和幻觉，被认为存在于一个连续谱中，也存在于一般人群中未寻求帮助的个体中。然而，PLEs 的发生是否是未来 PLEs 的独特风险因素，还是一般精神病理学的症状，仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们调查了青少年时期的 PLE 是否预测成年后的未来 PLE。一个基于社区的 1146 名青少年队列（平均年龄 14.38 岁）进行了评估，然后在 6 年后（平均年龄 20.15 岁）重新评估。参与者报告了过去一年中经历过的 PLE ，以及抑郁、焦虑、注意力缺陷/多动障碍和品行问题的症状。我们为其他形式的精神病理学和性别差异调整了分析。报告成年期 PLE 的参与者在前瞻性和共发性精神病理学症状的所有评分都更高。在调整后的逻辑回归模型中，青少年时期有 PLEs ，而且焦虑程度较小，可预测成年早期的 PLEs。基线和未来 PLEs 之间的关联在男性和女性之间没有差异，尽管女性在青少年时期更有可能报告 PLEs。持续性 PLEs 的参与者在青少年时期报告的幻觉比短暂症状的参与者更多。我们的研究结果表明，PLEs 的早期发生是未来 PLEs 的一个重要且独立的预测因素，应进行监测，以识别未来有较高精神病理学风险的个体，并进行早期干预。
