Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Schizophr Res. 2021 Feb;228:410-416. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.008. Epub 2021 Feb 5.
"Psychotic-Like Experiences" (PLEs) are common in the general population. While they are usually transient and resolve spontaneously, they can be distressing and signify increased risk for later psychosis or other psychopathology. It is important to investigate factors associated with PLEs which could be targeted to reduce their prevalence and impact. Males and females are known to experience PLEs differently, but any gender differences in the relationships between PLEs and other, potentially targetable, factors are currently unknown. 302 adolescents (175 females, mean age = 16.03, SD = 0.75; 127 males, mean age = 16.09, SD = 0.74) from secondary schools in the West Midlands region of the UK completed baseline self-report measures of positive PLEs, measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P), and several potentially related factors including: cannabis use, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and daily hassles. PLEs were common in this sample, with 67.5% of individuals experiencing at least one CAPE-P item 'often' or 'almost always'. Females reported significantly higher levels of PLEs, and associated distress, than males. Anxiety, depressive, and stress symptoms were similarly associated with PLEs in both genders. However, there was a significant interaction of gender and daily hassles in the association with PLEs. In summary, there were significant gender differences in the experience of PLEs in this sample. Although daily hassles were more common in females, they had a significantly stronger association with PLEs in males. Thus, addressing "daily life stress" in adolescents may require tailoring towards the more emotional perception of stress in females, and towards everyday life hassles in males.
“类精神病体验”（PLEs）在普通人群中很常见。虽然它们通常是短暂的，并自发缓解，但它们可能会令人痛苦，并表明以后发生精神病或其他精神病理学的风险增加。调查与 PLE 相关的因素很重要，这些因素可能是降低其发生率和影响的目标。已知男性和女性体验 PLE 的方式不同，但目前尚不清楚 PLE 与其他潜在可靶向因素之间的关系是否存在性别差异。英国西米德兰兹地区的 302 名青少年（175 名女性，平均年龄为 16.03 岁，标准差为 0.75；127 名男性，平均年龄为 16.09 岁，标准差为 0.74）完成了基线自我报告的阳性 PLE 测量，采用社区心理体验评估量表（CAPE-P）进行测量，以及几项潜在相关因素，包括：大麻使用、感知压力、焦虑、抑郁和日常困扰。在这个样本中，PLE 很常见，有 67.5%的个体至少有一项 CAPE-P 项目“经常”或“几乎总是”出现。女性报告的 PLE 及其相关痛苦明显高于男性。焦虑、抑郁和压力症状在两性中与 PLE 均有类似的关联。然而，在与 PLE 的关联中，性别和日常困扰之间存在显著的交互作用。总之，在这个样本中，PLE 的体验存在显著的性别差异。尽管日常困扰在女性中更为常见，但它们与男性 PLE 的关联更强。因此，在青少年中解决“日常生活压力”可能需要针对女性对压力的更情绪化感知以及男性对日常生活困扰的感知进行个性化处理。
