AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 15;847:157563. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157563. Epub 2022 Jul 28.
The study of the presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment is a preliminary step to analyse their possible harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. In order to monitor their occurrence in the aquatic environment, the European Commission established in 2015, 2018, and 2020 three Watch Lists of substances for Union-wide monitoring (Decisions (EU) 2015/495, 2018/840, and 2020/1161), where some antibiotics within the classes of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and penicillins were included. In the Basque coast, northern Spain, three macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) and ciprofloxacin were monitored quarterly from 2017 to 2020 (covering a period before and after the COVID19 outbreak), in water samples collected from two Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs), and three control points associated with receiving waters (transitional and coastal water bodies). This work was undertaken for the Basque Water Agency (URA). The three macrolide antibiotics in water showed a frequency of quantification >65 % in the Basque coast, with higher concentrations in the WWTP emission stations than in receiving waters. Their frequency of quantification decreased from 2017 to 2020, as did the consumption of antibiotics in Spanish primary care since 2015. Ciprofloxacin showed higher frequencies of quantification in receiving waters than in wastewaters, but the highest concentrations were observed in the WWTP emission stations. Although consumption of fluoroquinolones (among which is ciprofloxacin) in primary care in the Basque Country has decreased in recent years, this trend was not observed in the waters sampled in the present study. On the other hand, concentrations of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin in receiving waters exceeded their respective Predicted No-Effect Concentrations, so they could pose an environmental risk. These substances are widely used in human and animal medicine, so, although only ciprofloxacin is included in the third Watch List, it would be advisable to continue monitoring macrolides in the Basque coast as well.
研究抗生素在水生环境中的存在是分析其对水生生态系统可能产生的有害影响的初步步骤。为了监测其在水生环境中的发生情况，欧盟委员会在 2015 年、2018 年和 2020 年制定了三份全欧盟监测用物质观察清单（欧盟 2015/495 号、2018/840 号和 2020/1161 号决定），其中包括大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类和青霉素类抗生素。在西班牙北部的巴斯克海岸，从 2017 年到 2020 年，每季度监测三种大环内酯类抗生素（红霉素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素）和环丙沙星，水样取自两个废水处理厂（WWTP）和三个与受纳水域相关的对照点（过渡和沿海水体）。这项工作是为巴斯克水务署（URA）进行的。在巴斯克海岸，三种抗生素在水中的定量频率均>65%，WWTP 排放口的浓度高于受纳水域。2017 年至 2020 年，其定量频率下降，自 2015 年以来，西班牙初级保健中抗生素的使用量也有所下降。在受纳水中，环丙沙星的定量频率高于废水中，但在 WWTP 排放口观察到的浓度最高。尽管近年来巴斯克地区初级保健中氟喹诺酮类药物（包括环丙沙星）的使用量有所下降，但本研究中采样的水中并未观察到这一趋势。另一方面，受纳水中克拉霉素、阿奇霉素和环丙沙星的浓度均超过各自的无影响预测浓度，因此可能存在环境风险。这些物质在人类和动物医学中广泛使用，因此，尽管只有环丙沙星被列入第三份观察清单，但在巴斯克海岸也应继续监测大环内酯类药物。
