Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed, Shahi Shahriar, Mahmoudi Javad, Farjami Afsaneh, Bazmani Ahad, Naghili Behrooz, Dizaj Solmaz Maleki, Salatin Sara
Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(28):2330-2342. doi: 10.2174/1381612828666220728092336.
Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a global healthcare concern with high rates of death and disease. CNS infections mainly include meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscesses. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites are the most common causes of neuroinfections. There are many types of medications used in the treatment of CNS infections, but drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major challenge to overcome. The BBB is a specialized multicellular barrier separating the neural tissue from the peripheral blood circulation. Unique characteristics of the BBB allow it to tightly control the movement of ions and molecules. Thus, there is a critical need to deal with these conditions with the aim of improving novel antimicrobial agents. Researchers are still struggling to find effective drugs to treat CNS infections. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered a profound substitute to solve this problem because NPs can be tailored to facilitate drug transport across the BBB. NPs are colloidal systems with a size range of 1-1000 nm, which can be used to encapsulate therapeutics, improve drug transport across the BBB, and target specific brain areas in CNS infections. A wide variety of NPs has been displayed for the CNS delivery of therapeutics, especially when their surfaces are coated with targeting moieties. This study aimed to review the available literature on the application of NPs in CNS infections.
中枢神经系统（CNS）感染是一个全球性的医疗问题，致死率和发病率都很高。中枢神经系统感染主要包括脑膜炎、脑炎和脑脓肿。细菌、病毒、真菌、原生动物和寄生虫是神经感染最常见的病因。治疗中枢神经系统感染使用多种药物，但通过血脑屏障（BBB）给药是一个需要克服的主要挑战。血脑屏障是一种特殊的多细胞屏障，将神经组织与外周血液循环分隔开来。血脑屏障的独特特性使其能够严格控制离子和分子的移动。因此，迫切需要针对这些情况研发新型抗菌药物。研究人员仍在努力寻找治疗中枢神经系统感染的有效药物。纳米颗粒（NP）介导的药物递送被认为是解决这一问题的一种有效替代方法，因为纳米颗粒可以进行定制，以促进药物穿过血脑屏障。纳米颗粒是尺寸范围为1至1000纳米的胶体系统，可用于包裹治疗药物、改善药物穿过血脑屏障的运输，并靶向中枢神经系统感染中的特定脑区。已经展示了各种各样的纳米颗粒用于中枢神经系统治疗药物的递送，尤其是当它们的表面涂有靶向部分时。本研究旨在综述纳米颗粒在中枢神经系统感染中的应用的现有文献。
