Liu Shi Feng, Li Meng Jiao, Liang Bing, Sun Wenshe, Shao Yingchun, Hu Xiaokun, Xing Dongming
The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Jul 3;15:1394816. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1394816. eCollection 2024.
The pursuit of effective treatments for brain tumors has increasingly focused on the promising area of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy (NERT). This review elucidates the context and significance of NERT, with a particular emphasis on its application in brain tumor therapy-a field where traditional treatments often encounter obstacles due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cells' inherent resistance. The aims of this review include synthesizing recent advancements, analyzing action mechanisms, and assessing the clinical potential and challenges associated with nanoparticle (NP) use in radiotherapy enhancement. Preliminary preclinical studies have established a foundation for NERT, demonstrating that nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as radiosensitizers, thereby intensifying radiotherapy's efficacy. Investigations into various NP types, such as metallic, magnetic, and polymeric, have each unveiled distinct interactions with ionizing radiation, leading to an augmented destruction of tumor cells. These interactions, encompassing physical dose enhancement and biological and chemical radio sensitization, are crucial to the NERT strategy. Although clinical studies are in their early phases, initial trials have shown promising results in terms of tumor response rates and survival, albeit with mindful consideration of toxicity profiles. This review examines pivotal studies affirming NERT's efficacy and safety. NPs have the potential to revolutionize radiotherapy by overcoming challenges in targeted delivery, reducing off-target effects, and harmonizing with other modalities. Future directions include refining NP formulations, personalizing therapies, and navigating regulatory pathways. NERT holds promise to transform brain tumor treatment and provide hope for patients.
对脑肿瘤有效治疗方法的追求越来越聚焦于纳米粒子增强放射治疗（NERT）这一前景广阔的领域。本综述阐明了NERT的背景和意义，特别强调了其在脑肿瘤治疗中的应用——在该领域，由于血脑屏障（BBB）和肿瘤细胞固有的耐药性，传统治疗常常遇到障碍。本综述的目的包括综合近期进展、分析作用机制，以及评估与纳米粒子（NP）用于放疗增强相关的临床潜力和挑战。初步的临床前研究为NERT奠定了基础，表明纳米粒子（NPs）可作为放射增敏剂，从而增强放射治疗的疗效。对各种类型纳米粒子的研究，如金属、磁性和聚合物纳米粒子，均揭示了它们与电离辐射的独特相互作用，从而增强了对肿瘤细胞的破坏。这些相互作用，包括物理剂量增强以及生物和化学放射增敏作用，对NERT策略至关重要。尽管临床研究尚处于早期阶段，但初步试验在肿瘤反应率和生存率方面已显示出有希望的结果，不过要谨慎考虑毒性特征。本综述审视了肯定NERT疗效和安全性的关键研究。纳米粒子有潜力通过克服靶向递送方面的挑战、减少脱靶效应以及与其他治疗方式协同作用来彻底改变放射治疗。未来的方向包括优化纳米粒子配方、实现个性化治疗以及打通监管途径。NERT有望改变脑肿瘤治疗方式并为患者带来希望。
